According to Sina Entertainment, Xú Zhēng said today that "it is very difficult to make movies now".

According to the news of Securities Times quoted by Sina Entertainment, the realistic movie "Retrograde Life" written, directed and acted by Xú Zhēng has been in constant turmoil recently.

This film has been criticized by many viewers as "the rich play the poor" and "consuming suffering to beautify suffering". Xú Zhēng, the film’s director and star, objected: "It’s hard to make a movie now, because making a movie can’t satisfy everyone, and everyone’s feelings are different, but if you don’t watch it, you can spray it directly, which is unfair to a movie."

He also said that after watching the movie, the audience will accept all the good reviews and bad reviews.

　　On June 25, the Supreme People’s Procuratorate held a press conference, emphasizing the implementation of three major measures to crack down on new drugs, "dark net" transactions and other new drug crimes. The mysterious network of "dark net" has once again entered the public eye in the near future.

　　The operation is secret and the supervision is difficult.

　　The Internet is like an iceberg. What people contact and use is only the tip of the sea, that is, the "surface net", while the larger and more complex "deep net" is hidden outside the reach of the public and grows wildly. The "dark net" is an important part of the "deep net", also known as the "hidden net". Access to the "dark net" requires multiple special means, and ordinary users cannot search and access it through conventional Internet means.

　　This is also the biggest feature of "dark network". It can connect every terminal through a special network protocol, but at the same time, these terminals have no determinable IP address, but transmit through the "dark network" protocol. This means that it is extremely difficult for people to supervise the "dark net".

　　The concept of "dark net" was first put forward by American scientists. In 1996, three scientists from the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory proposed in their papers that the "dark net" came into being in order to build a system in which users could connect to the Internet without revealing their identities to the server.

　　How can I get the content on the "dark net"? First of all, we can build a "hidden server" access according to the specific coding technology adopted by the "dark network". The user’s access request will not jump directly to the destination, but will be sent along a circuitous path. In addition, you can also obtain the "dark net" content with the help of targeted crawler (a program that automatically obtains the content of web pages) and specific search engines. Because the server address and data transmission of the "dark network" are usually "invisible" and the data and passwords are protected layer by layer, it seems that people can enjoy the ultimate "freedom" in the "dark network" space.

　　Trade is rampant, threatening public safety

　　Under the temptation of this extremely private space, the "dark net" has gradually become a breeding ground for evil deeds such as black-related, terrorism-related, child pornography, selling stolen goods and money laundering, killing people and stealing goods.

　　It is also through the "dark net" that some drug transactions are bridged. The data shows that except for nearly half of meaningless data, drug information accounts for about 6.3% of the "dark net" information data, followed by extremist information, illegal pornographic information, hacker information and violent information, which also constitutes a threat to public safety and social order to some extent.

　　At the same time, privacy security is also challenged with the rampant "dark net" transactions. In August 2018, the user information of hotel chains under the hotel group was suspected to be leaked, and the seller packaged and sold 500 million pieces of guest data in the "dark net". Such a "dark net" of unscrupulous sales of citizen information once again triggered public concerns about network information security.

　　In addition, cryptocurrency has always been the biggest boosting factor for the "dark net" to mature. These cryptocurrencies with anonymous attributes enable criminals to circumvent the supervision of the government and banks and avoid the identification and tracking of relevant institutions when purchasing related "services" through "dark networks". The blockchain analysis agency released a report on July 1, saying that in 2019, the transaction volume of a virtual currency in the illegal online market of "dark net" is expected to exceed 1 billion US dollars, a record high.

　　Upgrade technology and strengthen international cooperation.

　　Using the "dark net" to commit cyber crimes has become one of the most prominent problems in the field of cyber security, and it is also the focus of international cyber security governance. In 2016, the Netan Corps of Beijing Public Security Bureau successfully destroyed a group that used Internet media such as "dark net" to spread obscene information about children for the first time, and arrested eight suspects. This case became the first case of overseas covert network crimes uncovered in China. In July 2017, the United States smashed the "dark net" black market trading website "Alpha Bay", which was the largest black market trading website smashed in the world at that time. In addition, Europol, the Netherlands, Thailand, Canada, Britain, France, etc. also participated in the action against the "dark net" black market.

　　Although countries have been cracking down on "dark net" crimes, there are still many difficulties in technology and system. Breakthrough in technical means is one of the key elements to further crack down on "dark net" crimes. Qin An, director of the Institute of Cyberspace Strategy in China, said that at present, countries have made attempts in this regard, such as establishing a "dark net" space search engine based on threat intelligence clue mining, completing the detection and collection of "dark net" entries, links and contents, and trying to actively sniff "dark net", tracking "dark net" transaction data and reasonably mastering "dark net" network structure and data resources. Continue to map the "dark net" through technical means, mine threat information, and track and confront threats from the "dark net".

　　Perfecting the system and strengthening international cooperation are also important means to crack down on "dark net" crimes. On the level of international cooperation, Lu Chuanying, secretary-general of the Center for International Governance of Cyberspace of Shanghai Institute of International Studies, believes that the main problem at this level lies in the differences in policies, laws, systems and technologies in different countries and regions. Therefore, in order to eradicate the "dark net", a cancer that threatens all mankind, we should actively promote the establishment of a comprehensive international law and mechanism to deal with the "dark net" cyber crime on a global scale, and at the same time strengthen interaction and coordination with relevant UN mechanisms and issues. (Diao Shifeng)

Special feature of 1905 film network On March 19th, China Film Co., Ltd. and WANDA CINEMAS jointly launched "China Movie Dreaming Science Fiction — — The "serial film screening" activities were held in Wanda Studios and Huanying Studios nationwide, and fans were invited to this 4.2-light-year adventure journey with the innovative mode of "scheduled screening". The Wandering Earth series director, leading actor, photography director Liu Yin, production designer Gao Ang and visual effects director Ding Yanlai were invited to attend the post-screening activities of Beijing CBD wanda plaza Store to have in-depth exchanges with fans. Mr. Zhang Dayong, General Manager of Beijing Film Distribution Branch of China Film Co., Ltd., and Mr. Chen Hongtao, Vice President of Wanda Culture Group and CEO of WANDA CINEMAS, attended the scene.

For the first time, the The Wandering Earth series of films showed fans and masters in two directions to help domestic science fiction.

On the day of the event, the box office of the film exceeded one million, and a wave of "small broken ball" fan groups was set off all over the country. At the scene of the post-screening meeting of wanda plaza Store in Beijing CBD, the creative director interacted enthusiastically with the audience and went there in both directions. The fans showed their true feelings: "This visit to The Wandering Earth reminds me of my first touch when I saw the planetary engine on the big screen. It is an unprecedented China science fiction film, which truly shows China temperament, China core and China spirit. " When talking about the theme of "China’s movies dream of science fiction", director Frant Gwo said: "As filmmakers, we are the’ small stones’ in the development of science fiction movies. Your love and support have ignited the stones and become an inexhaustible motive force for us to move forward. With the joint efforts of everyone, China science fiction can be carried forward and developed better and better."

Frant Gwo responded to the scene that The Wandering Earth programmers sacrificed Sha Yi and fans to reproduce the film title.

At the scene of the The Wandering Earth series, some viewers asked if there was any special purpose for the sacrifice of programmers in both films. Frant Gwo, the director, said that there were few actual action scenes and strong conflict scenes in the drama, and he wanted to show the tension of the film through literary drama. The first episode is He Lianke, and the second episode is Ma Zhao. Their actions and lines have strong emotional conflicts.

Sha Yi, the leading actor, cooperated with fans who came from all over the country to participate in the event, recreating the classic tear-jerking picture of "China Aerospace Squadron, over 50 years old, leaving the ranks" in the movie.

The Wandering Earth opens a new era of sci-fi movies in China, making an appointment to show them, making the audience addicted to science fiction.　

The Wandering Earth was born in 2019, and was recognized as "the benchmark of science fiction movies in China". After four years, "Wandering Earth 2" returned heavily, once again setting off a sci-fi craze. With its shocking audio-visual, solid script, exquisite interpretation and resonating emotional core, this series has opened a new era of science fiction movies in China. Up to now, the cumulative box office of the two films has exceeded 8.7 billion, which is a milestone in the history of science fiction movies in China. China Film Co., Ltd. and WANDA CINEMAS jointly screened the series in the mode of "scheduled screening", which allowed the audience to indulge in sci-fi addiction once and feel its rich connotation and charm across time.

China Film Co., Ltd. and WANDA CINEMAS vigorously promote content ecological innovation

China Film Co., Ltd. and WANDA CINEMAS have divided the large market into small markets according to the audience’s age, gender, region and income level, and provided differentiated film content to meet the needs of different consumer groups. The "scheduled screening" activity in The Wandering Earth is the first linkage between the first screening and the secondary market, which not only enables the films with excellent creation and excellent production to be revived on the screen, but also expands the box office margin of the films being shown, providing more consumption choices for the audience on the big screen, cultivating the audience to form a stable habit of watching movies and playing an effective role in promoting the film culture.

The epidemic is merciless, and donations warm people’s hearts. In recent days, the COVID-19 epidemic in Hainan Province has touched the hearts of countless people, and all sectors of society have actively donated epidemic prevention materials to help the epidemic prevention and control work with practical actions.

The Provincial Women’s Federation issued a donation to the group members in the "Hainan Women’s Federation System Capacity Enhancement Reading Group" to mobilize everyone to cheer for Hainan with practical actions. By 23: 00 on August 15th, 77 people had donated money, raising 16,700 yuan, including 63 people from Group Solitaire.

The All-China Women’s Federation and the China Women’s Development Foundation have collected more than 520,000 yuan worth of medical surgical masks, family standing medicines, hand-washing-free disinfection gel and other caring materials. At present, the first batch of 100,000 medical surgical masks donated by Changzhou Meisheng Biomaterials Co., Ltd. has arrived in Lingshui County on August 15, and other materials are being sent to Hainan one after another, and will be put into Hainan’s anti-epidemic front line in the near future.

With the efforts of Hainan Women’s Federation, Guangdong Women’s Federation, Guangdong Women’s and Children’s Foundation and Deng Lao Jinfang Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Group donated 20,000 boxes of Deng Lao Qing Guan Drink (No.1) to Sanya. On the morning of August 15th, anti-epidemic materials were delivered to Sanya Red Cross Society, which distributed them to frontline medical staff and volunteers to relieve the heat and cool them down.

In order to thank the frontline anti-epidemic workers for their efforts and help the charity Hainan No.4 Action, Danzhou Red Cross Society, Danzhou Women’s Federation, Hainan Media Center, Hainan Music Broadcasting Coconut FM and the caring company Nanguo Baby jointly launched the "Concerted Anti-epidemic Hainan Must Win" action to help Danzhou. After many efforts to purchase and unite major maternal and infant brands, Nanguo Baby donated milk powder, hand sanitizer, nutrition and other maternal and infant protection materials worth more than 80,000 yuan to Danzhou City.

On August 13th, Danzhou Shuyue Mummy Yuezi Center, Hainan Xiermeiyue Health Management Co., Ltd., Danzhou Women’s Federation, Nada Town Chamber of Commerce, Yongyexing Consulting and Evaluation Group, Danzhou Jinliufu Lucky Jewelry Store and other caring enterprises jointly launched the "Concerted Fight Against the Epidemic in Hainan" campaign to help the frontline anti-epidemic workers with caring materials, with a total value of 12.

Since August 8th, Muchen Chicken Dunteng Sweet Shop in Danzhou City has donated 1,336 sugar water, 100 packages to medical staff and volunteers, and donated 105 mops for epidemic prevention. The company said that it plans to give 100 sugar water to the epidemic prevention line every day in the future.

Lingshui County Women’s Federation, Federation of Industry and Commerce and County National Defense Sports Association gave full play to the advantages of "Lian", mobilized enterprises to practice social responsibility, actively contacted manufacturers and major supermarkets to raise materials, and after many contacts, donated 290 boxes of mineral water and 20 boxes of instant noodles to the anti-epidemic front line.

Party member Huang Lingyan, a caring female entrepreneur in Lingshui County, donated 3,000 Jin of wax gourd to Yingzhou Town.

Later, Huang Lingyan contacted caring enterprises to donate masks, instant noodles, bread and other epidemic prevention materials to the grassroots epidemic prevention and control line, and helped the epidemic prevention and control work with practical actions, contributing to Lingshui’s victory in the epidemic prevention and control war.

Thanks to the efforts of women’s federations at all levels in the province, love donations are still coming together, bringing care from the whole society to the front line of anti-epidemic, contributing to winning the battle against epidemic at an early date!

Original title: "Donations and materials from all walks of life help fight the epidemic and warm people’s hearts"

How is your pure electric car experience in the cold winter?

The discount on battery life may not be the worst thing. Recently, more than a dozen Tesla owners in Canada have reported that even the air conditioner can’t be used in winter. Not only is the car frozen at a discount, but people are also frozen with a snot and tears.

Moreover, the basic things that can’t be heated in winter are heat pump air conditioners.

This is very strange. The high-efficiency and energy-saving advantages of heat pump air conditioners have not been brought into play, but they cannot be heated, which has attracted the doubts of some Canadian car owners and attracted the attention of Tesla’s R&D team. Musk said that this is a high priority for Tesla.

But even weirder, Musk said that the failure of heat pump air conditioner turned out to be a software problem, which can be completed by firmware update. Perhaps many people have never heard of it, and air conditioners still need OTA. However, after understanding the structure and working principle of Tesla heat pump air conditioner, we can find that this set of hardware can realize 12 different functions, and all the functions are controlled by software.

Therefore, the problem of Tesla heat pump air conditioning may really be a software problem.

So, how amazing is Tesla’s heat pump air conditioner? Why can’t refrigeration occur under extremely cold conditions? Can the industry solve this problem? After reading the patent of Tesla heat pump air conditioner and having a conversation with the Weiling engineer of Midea, the car found the answer to the question.

This month, countries in the northern hemisphere ushered in the coldest time since winter, and electric vehicles also entered the worst stage of the year.

Recently, Tesla owners in Canada reported that they were driving in an extremely cold environment and the heat pump air conditioner could not be used.

Twitter user @TSelvig said that when traveling that day, the temperature had dropped to-40 C. In this extremely cold weather, when he was driving Tesla Model Y, the heat pump air conditioner could not be used. After trying to restart the vehicle and call Tesla customer service, this problem still cannot be solved, and the owner is a few hours’ drive from the nearest service center, so it is impossible to drive without air conditioning.

In the end, the family switched to a fuel car.

Another Model Y owner @paateach has a richer experience. His Model Y has no warm air for two consecutive winters.

He tweeted that he lived in Saskatchewan, southern Canada, and in February last year, he encountered the situation that the heat pump air conditioner could not be used, and there was no warm air for a whole month. Later, Tesla replaced a group of super manifolds for him, and the heat pump air conditioner could be used at that time. However, by this winter, when the temperature dropped to -30℃, he once again encountered the situation that the heat pump air conditioner could not be used.

At that time, he photographed the prompt on the car screen: the cockpit climate control system needs maintenance, and the heating and cooling systems will be restricted or unusable.

Two car owners questioned Tesla: Why did Tesla’s heat pump air conditioner fail in extremely cold weather? Tesla has been repaired several times, why is the maintenance plan still invalid?

Some car owners even said that after this winter, they hope to sell their Tesla in exchange for a fuel car, at least there will be no air conditioning and heating failure.

Angie Dean, chairman of Tesla Owner’s Club in Alberta, Canada, said: "In Alberta and Saskatchewan, Canada, more than a dozen Tesla owners have experienced the problem that heat pump air conditioners cannot be used."

Just last week, the owner community Drive Tesla Canada tweeted @ Musk, asking him to comment on the heat pump problem. Musk replied to the tweet within 5 minutes, saying that maintaining the heat pump air conditioner has a very high priority. After 40 minutes, Musk said that the new firmware of heat pump air conditioner has been introduced to users.

It is quite curious that why the failure of heat pump air conditioner can be repaired by firmware update? In addition, after the firmware update is completed, there is still feedback from the owner that heating cannot be done. Is the firmware update useful?

In a patent document published by Tesla in 2019, the structure and operation mode of the heat pump air conditioning system were demonstrated. At the beginning of 2020, with the mass production of Model Y, this patent was also transformed into the mass production application of Tesla.

If you open the front case of Tesla, you can see the heat pump air conditioner and many pipes and harnesses. In fact, this is just the tip of the iceberg of the heat pump system. From the patent drawing, Tesla’s heat pump air conditioner has 11 main components, and is responsible for the thermal cycle of the whole vehicle, which can lead to different parts of the vehicle such as cockpit, battery pack and motor.

These main components are compressor, cabin condenser, cabin evaporator, battery system cooling device, cabin blower, motor liquid-cooled condenser, storage battery, three-way compressor air outlet, low-voltage electric cabin heater (PTC), recirculating air conditioner and heating.

Among the 11 main components, Tesla did not directly cancel the traditional PTC heating, but still equipped with a low-voltage PTC heating. However, due to the lack of power, this PTC heating device can not directly heat the cabin, but provides auxiliary heating when the heat pump system is insufficient.

Surprisingly, Tesla’s hardware can realize 12 different working modes, which are completed by different software scheduling.

Among these 12 working modes, there are only three modes in which heat pump participates. Heat pump participation in heating can be divided into pure heat pump mode and mixed heating mode. When the heat pump efficiency is high, the pure heat pump mode is activated, and when the efficiency is low, the mixed heating mode is activated. The heat pump can be mixed with PTC heating and can also be added to the evaporator for heating together.

In addition, the cabin and battery system can be heated simply by using the compressor and evaporator. In addition, the in-vehicle thermal circulation system can also realize the functions of cabin defogging, defrosting, dehumidification and so on.

A conclusion can be drawn here: it is indeed feasible to fix the problem of heat pump air conditioning through firmware update.

When there is nothing wrong with the hardware of the heat pump air conditioning system, the adjustment of the heat pump air conditioning system can be realized by adjusting the software scheduling in different environments.

As far as the heat pump system is concerned, there is a strong relationship between the efficiency of heating the cabin and the efficiency of the heat pump. Because the working principle of heat pump air conditioning is to exchange heat energy inside and outside the car.

Through the evaporator, the refrigerant can absorb heat from the external environment, and after the refrigerant in the car is liquefied, it releases heat, so that it can heat the cabin.

However, if the temperature of the external environment is lower, it is more difficult for the refrigerant to obtain heat from the external environment, which leads to the low heating efficiency of heat pump air conditioning in extremely cold environment.

Tesla also knows this obvious problem, so it adds auxiliary heating devices in addition to heat pump air conditioning.

Tesla drew a chart in the patent, which can explain the efficiency of heat pump air conditioning at different temperatures. The efficiency coefficient of heat pump air conditioning is expressed by COP(Coefficient of Performance). When COP=1, it means that the consumed electric energy is equal to the generated heat energy. When COP>1, the heat pump air conditioner is in the high efficiency area, which means that it can get more heat energy by consuming less electric energy.

As can be seen from Tesla’s chart, when the ambient temperature and battery temperature are lower than -20℃ at the same time, the efficiency of heat pump air conditioning will be very low, which is also considered as extremely cold temperature by Tesla, and there is no solution below this temperature. But at this time, just heat the battery, the COP value will increase, and the heating system can be used normally.

When COP=1, the heat pump air conditioner does not work and relies on evaporation to achieve heating. When COP≥1, the heat pump air conditioner will participate in heating, and the temperature needs to be above -10℃.

The second conclusion can be drawn here: if the weather outside is extremely cold, even if the firmware of the heat pump air conditioner is updated, the heating effect will still be poor. The solution is to heat the battery, or preheat it before going out.

However, under the tweet that Musk replied to the updated firmware, there are still many users who feedback that the vehicle still cannot heat.

Then, there is probably a hardware problem.

Tesla owner @paateach said on Twitter that his Tesla Model Y has been replaced with two super manifolds, including the sensor of heat pump air conditioner, expansion valve and refrigerant pipeline. The heating system can be used temporarily, but I am very worried that it may be damaged again.

Twitter user Tesla owner revealed the research and development story of heat pump air conditioner online. Recently, Tesla’s engineers in California and Alaska are testing heat pump air conditioners. The test results show that Tesla’s heat pump air conditioners can work normally below -30℃ because the heat pump air conditioners have two refrigerant cycles.

At the same time, engineers also found the problem: in extremely cold weather, the cover plate of the front air inlet will be frozen and damaged, which will lead to the inhalation of cold air during driving. Because the cold air temperature is too low, the sensor will report an error to the system after sensing it. At this time, the compressor will stop working and the heating will stop.

In order to solve this problem quickly, Tesla may start the compressor by software, temporarily avoiding the heating failure in extremely cold weather. But to solve this problem completely, Tesla may need to update some hardware later.

For the automotive industry, heat pump air conditioning is still a new thing, and Tesla Model Y was mass-produced in early 2020. Prior to this, pure electric vehicles generally used PTC to heat the interior of the car. But even under ideal conditions, the COP of PTC is 1. Low efficiency leads to very large electricity consumption for PTC heating, which further becomes a major factor affecting the battery life of electric vehicles in winter.

The efficient performance of heat pump air conditioning has attracted the attention of electric vehicle companies. In 2021, all new pure electric vehicles were basically upgraded from PTC heating to heat pump air conditioning. However, due to the limitation of refrigerant, when the temperature is below -10℃, the efficiency of heat pump will be greatly reduced. At this time, it is necessary to rely on PTC heating to heat vehicles.

For example, Tucki P5 is equipped with a heat pump air conditioner to achieve efficient heating, but it is also equipped with PTC. When the temperature is lower than -10℃, the vehicle will start PTC heating to heat the interior.

It can be said that Tucki P5 has solved the shortcomings of heat pump air conditioning to some extent, but it has not been completely solved.

Weiling, another new auto parts manufacturer, has solved the heating problem in extremely cold weather. Speaking of Weiling, maybe many friends in the automobile circle are no strangers. Weiling is a subsidiary of Midea Group, a domestic appliance head enterprise.

Last year, several auto parts announced by Weiling included automotive heat pump air conditioners.

At present, R134a(CH2FCF3, tetrafluoroethane) is usually used as the refrigerant for heat pump air conditioning, but when the outside temperature is low, the heating capacity is obviously attenuated. Therefore, there are explorations of mixed refrigerants in the industry, but the performance cannot be significantly improved.

The engineers of Weiling parts found another way, using carbon dioxide as refrigerant, and the heating efficiency was obviously improved at extremely cold temperatures.

Weiling’s rotary CO2 electric compressor can achieve a heating efficiency of COP=2 at -30℃. At the same time, the noise is low during operation and the overall design is lighter.

Engineer Weiling introduced that in extremely cold weather, users don’t need to "cover the quilt" to drive. At the same time, compared with traditional heat pump air conditioners, the heat pump with carbon dioxide as refrigerant can increase the cruising range of vehicles by up to 20%.

The CO2 electric compressor alone has 220 domestic invention patents and 14 international invention patents, and has completely independent intellectual property rights. At the same time, CO2, as a common greenhouse gas, is collected and used as a refrigerant, which also contributes to "carbon neutrality".

Last year, the heat pump air conditioning products of Midea Group Weiling components have been installed on pure electric brand vehicles such as Tucki and Weilai, which has become a microcosm of the rapid transformation of domestic component enterprises to electrification.

In 2020, Tesla put the heat pump air conditioner into a pure electric vehicle, which led the electric vehicle industry to take another step towards high efficiency. In just one year, by 2021, heat pump air conditioning has become the standard of high-end electric vehicles.

Obviously, the technology that will not be used in the era of fuel vehicles may be a huge innovation in the era of electric vehicles. In today’s increasingly fierce global competition for electric vehicles, there is still huge room for innovation in the field of electric vehicles.

　　The proliferation of gun violence has become a cliche in the United States. According to the data of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, there were nearly 40,000 people who died at gunpoint in the United States in 2019, of which one-third died of murder and nearly two-thirds died of suicide. In addition, the proliferation of firearms will cause about 115,000 people to be disabled in the United States every year. In contrast, since the US military entered Afghanistan in 2001, the death toll of the US military there is 2,312.

　　According to the report of American Broadcasting Corporation (ABC), the annual economic loss caused by gun injuries in the United States is about $300 billion, and the GDP of the United States is nearly $21 trillion in 2020. That is to say, the annual economic loss caused by guns is equivalent to 1.3% to 1.5% of the GDP of the United States. Putting this proportion into the huge economic aggregate of the United States, the absolute value is still very amazing: it is equivalent to Americans destroying a Finnish economy every year because of shooting (Finland’s GDP will be 300 billion US dollars in 2020).

　　It can be said that the severity of gun violence in the United States is unique among developed countries. Therefore, the issue of gun control has become a jargon in the debate of the American Congress. However, despite the fierce quarrels among lawmakers, they often start this endless debate whenever there is a large-scale shooting incident. However, in the past 50 years, there has been no real substantive decision on gun control and solving the problem of gun proliferation.

　　So, what makes it so difficult for the United States to control guns?

　　The reason why Americans have the right to hold guns is a bit roundabout.

　　First of all, we must clarify a concept, that is, the argument that people are free to hold guns in the Second Amendment of the US Constitution, which is emphasized by many gun-holding organizations, looks more like an absurd historical "myth" today.

　　In 1791, the US Congress passed the Second Amendment, saying that "a well-disciplined militia is necessary for the security of a free country; The people’s right to hold and carry weapons shall not be violated. " The reason for enacting this amendment is that holding guns by citizens will help prevent the expansion of the power of the federal government and prevent the government from imposing tyranny on the people.

　　It is true that many armed militiamen joined the struggle against British "tyranny" when the North American colonies became independent, but these militiamen with no military organization and no logistical support could not resist the attack of the British regular army for a long time. Even many militiamen joined the war of independence with the mentality of firing a few shots and sneaking home to continue farming if they failed.

　　The American War of Independence can be won, thanks to the French navy’s unprecedented defeat of the British Royal Navy, which has always been invincible in the 18th century. As a result, the British main force entrenched in Yorktown was cut off, and the commander-in-chief cornwallis was forced to surrender to the French army and the Continental Army led by Washington. The powerful "armed militia" is the "founding myth" of the United States, and it is the regular navy and army that really overturns the British.

　　△ In the Chesapeake Bay naval battle, the French fleet successfully prevented the Royal Navy from rushing to help the British main force stationed in Yorktown, thus controlling the sea power in the theater, causing the British army to declare its surrender after running out of ammunition, thus ending the American War of Independence. (Source: US Navy)

　　Moreover, individuals with guns can never compete with the state machine, and the US federal government does not hesitate to use military power far beyond the firepower of the people’s guns to carry out armed repression. During the American Civil War, a large-scale anti-conscription riot broke out in new york, and the American government responded with artillery. Some even said that warships moored in new york also participated in the suppression of the rioters. Unlike the revolvers commonly used by rioters at that time, the heavy weapons of the army were not available to the people at all, and even if they were held, they could not afford to maintain them.

△ In 1863, there was a conscription riot in New York, and the army used artillery to suppress the participants in the riot. (Source: new york Times)

　　In the 21st century, with the rapid progress of military science and technology, the firepower gap between the army and the people holding guns is even greater. Not only that, since the Bush era, the US military has also transferred surplus military equipment to local police through the so-called "Project 1033", and the US special forces have trained police officers, which has made the American police a veritable paramilitary organization. Under such circumstances, the American people also know that there is no good end to engaging in large-scale armed riots. Therefore, when the new york police made a move, the crowd dispersed.

　　After this year’s farce of "Occupy Capitol Hill", no one has stood up with guns and opposed the US government’s nationwide night fall.

△ The equipment and training of American local police have been militarized, and ordinary gunmen are far from their opponents. (Source: Johns Hopkins University)

　　The biggest beneficiary of people holding guns is the southern slave owners.

　　In fact, I’m afraid that the reason why the Second Amendment to the US Constitution was passed that year was not that members of Congress really believed that people holding guns was conducive to resisting the government’s "tyranny".

　　At that time, it was not long after the Shays Uprising (1786-1787) against the Massachusetts authorities, and the argument that people could not be trusted was still popular among the political elites in the United States at that time. In fact, the biggest beneficiary of allowing people to hold guns is the slave owners in the south.

　　When the United States was founded, slave farming was the most obvious private industry that relied on guns. In order to prevent slaves from rioting and fleeing, unofficial "slave patrol" system appeared in southern States, which is also one of the origins of American police system. According to the logic of slave owners, these slave patrols are also "well-disciplined militia" mentioned in the Second Amendment to the Constitution. The existence of slavery also explains why the amendment emphasizes that "well-disciplined militia" is crucial to national security, because only whites could join the militia at that time. Emphasizing that "militia" owns guns, not individuals, can exclude blacks from the ranks of gun owners and realize the absolute superiority of whites over blacks in force. At that time, the slave uprising in the French colony of Haiti was in full swing, and black slaves slaughtered a large number of white slave owners, which seriously stimulated American slave owners.

　　It can be said that it is an inevitable interest proposition of these people to emphasize the gun support right of white militia.

　　The Paradox between Gun Control and Law

　　At this point, we can see that the Second Amendment to the American Constitution is out of touch with the development of the times, and the basis of legislation at that time seems to be contrary to the basic moral standards of mankind today. This amendment is also the most fundamental legal reason for the inability to control guns in the United States today.

　　However, as a basic law, the American Constitution can hardly be amended again. According to the current law, amending the Constitution requires at least two-thirds of the members of the Senate and the House of Representatives, respectively. However, in the Congress where politics and lobbying prevailed in Jin and Yuan Dynasties, lobbying organizations, represented by the National Rifle Association of the United States and reflecting the interests of various arms dealers, have long held key members firmly in their own hands. Not to mention amending the constitution, any attempt to tighten gun control at the state and federal levels will be strongly and effectively stopped by the Rifle Association.

△ The National Rifle Association (NRA) is one of the most important political lobbying groups in the United States. (Source: NRA official website)

　　Not only Congress, but also the judiciary has played a very disgraceful role in the problem of gun proliferation in the United States.

　　Compared with long-barreled firearms, pistols are more secretive, which is beneficial for gunmen to engage in large-scale shooting by surprise, and is also very suitable for suicide. Therefore, the city government of Washington, the capital of the United States, once attempted to completely ban the possession of pistols. However, in 2008, the United States Supreme Court ruled that the actions of the Washington municipal government were unconstitutional, and at the same time reinterpreted the Second Amendment, confirming that the right to own guns was not limited to militia, but included all individuals. Since the ruling of the Federal Supreme Court is final, it means that gun control efforts in many states have been wasted.

　　The game of gun control and gun prohibition

　　Of course, the justices of the Federal Supreme Court did not forget to show their "neutrality" in their judgments, claiming that guns and gun rights still need to be managed by someone. Nice words, but how to "manage" guns is a mess that puzzles American politicians.

　　Due to the federal nature of the United States, the responsibility for formulating specific gun management policies is shared by the federal government and local governments. The federal government is responsible for issuing gun sales licenses and conducting background checks on gun buyers to confirm that they have no criminal record before they can legally hold guns. Local governments are responsible for formulating specific provisions for carrying guns in public places. It seems that governments at all levels have a clear division of labor, but there are many loopholes in actual operation.

　　First of all, not everyone needs a federal license to sell guns. If they are selling guns in their own homes, online or at gun exhibitions, they do not need a federal license to sell guns for long-term profit. Because enterprises and individuals with sales licenses have the responsibility to inform the federal government of the identity of gun buyers so that they can conduct background checks, this means that when sellers without licenses sell guns, the federal government cannot investigate the identity of buyers. According to a study conducted by Harvard University in 2017, one-fifth of the gun transactions in the United States have not undergone background checks.

　　Second, since gun ownership has become a "natural human right", only a few states require residents to apply for a gun license. Therefore, most of the time, the government passively screens the legitimate owners when the gun trade takes place. Except for those States that need to have a license to buy guns, local governments can’t actively screen gun owners or train gun owners in the code of conduct.

　　Third, even if a comprehensive background check system is implemented nationwide, as many gun control groups now support, to plug the loopholes that guns can’t be investigated during gun exhibitions or online purchases, or to implement a nationwide gun purchase license system, it can’t solve a core problem, that is, because guns in the United States have been flooding for a long time, a large number of criminals illegally buy guns through the black market instead of through formal channels. This means that no matter how many gun control policies are formulated by the government, as long as the United States can’t implement a strict national ban on guns, people who want to own guns always have ways to deal with it. All gun control policies instead of banning guns are aimed at preventing gentlemen and not villains.

△ American people who participated in the national demonstration on gun violence day. (Source: Capitol Hill)

　　Why is there no solution to the rampant gun violence?

　　The problem of gun proliferation in the United States is a typical institutional case. The revision of the Constitution, the legislation of Congress, the interpretation of the law by the courts, the separation of powers between the central and local governments, lobbying and the intervention of interest organizations, almost all kinds of gloomy aspects in American politics are reflected in the gun issue. To solve the problem of gun violence in the United States, I’m afraid what we need is not to tinker with a certain law, but to thoroughly reform the system of representative federalism with three powers, which is full of ills. But this is completely impossible to achieve in the United States today, so we can only let it go.

　　Now, Americans are completely numb to large-scale gun incidents. Since the beginning of this year, there have been nearly 250 large-scale shooting incidents that have caused more than three casualties. Gun control, like other stubborn diseases that cannot be solved because of the American system, has become a tool used by politicians to attack each other. The more quarrelling, the less means to solve it properly, and the gun violence will continue. After all, members of parliament live in wealthy areas with good public security, and the shooting of people is still far away from them. (Contributed by Jing Zhao)

Bulletin of Heilongjiang Provincial Department of Education on 29 Typical Cases of Teachers Violating Teachers’ Morality and Morality

　　Cctv news(Reporter Li Wenxue) On July 9, following the Harbin Municipal Education Bureau’s notification of handling 28 typical cases of teachers’ moral anomie a week ago, the Education Department of Heilongjiang Province reported the handling of 29 typical cases of teachers’ violation of teachers’ morality and style.

　　The teachers who were notified this time involved universities, middle schools, primary schools, and even kindergartens. The main problems are cheating in make-up exams, academic misconduct, accepting gifts, and making up classes with compensation.

　　Among the college teachers who were notified, Li Yanchao, a teacher of Heilongjiang University, collected 25,000 yuan from 25 students during the make-up exam marking period, provided them with make-up exam papers and standard answers, and was expelled from the Party.

　　Hu Xueli, a teacher of Heilongjiang University, as a teacher of self-propositional subjects of art major in Heilongjiang University in 2019, gave centralized counseling to 10 candidates, with a total fee of 30,000 yuan. She was given a warning and returned her disciplinary income.

　　Duan Lihua, a teacher of Harbin Normal University, made up lessons for some students one week before the final exam of the second semester of the 2016-2017 academic year, and collected a total of 8,800 yuan for making up lessons. She was severely warned by the party, recorded a demerit and returned her disciplinary income.

　　He Changbo, a teacher of Harbin Normal University, accepted 8,000 yuan from students. In the process of reviewing the make-up examination paper of Sports Statistics course, he was found to have committed fraud and dereliction of duty. He was punished by staying in the party for one year, lowering his post level, transferring from his teaching post and returning his disciplinary income.

　　Shi Xiuchuan, a teacher at Harbin University of Commerce, has been warned that the copy ratio of 39 papers published since 2017 is seriously exceeding the standard, and there are problems such as "plagiarizing the written expression", "not indicating the citation of other people’s research results and sources" and "multiple contributions for one manuscript".

　　Yang Junjie, a teacher of Harbin Huade College, illegally collected 9560 yuan from 965 students in three grades of the college during his tenure as the vice president of the College of Art and Media, kept it privately and reported it illegally. After verifying that 2601.2 yuan was not handed in, he was given a demerit, kept on duty for inspection and deducted a scholarship for semester performance.

　　Wang Haibin, a teacher of Heilongjiang Biotechnology Vocational College, sends shopping links to students through WeChat and asks for items from students; Receiving gifts from students; Accepted student banquets, with a total amount of more than 4,000 yuan, was punished by the party, removed from the post of deputy director of the department, revoked the honorary title of the most popular teacher in the college, and transferred from the post of teacher.

　　In this notification list, middle school teachers account for a huge proportion.

　　BOB, a teacher of the Second Middle School in Jidong County, Jixi City, rented a kindergarten during the winter vacation from January to February, 2019, and made up lessons in violation of regulations on the grounds that students attended self-study, for a total of 29 days, with a fee of 67,892 yuan, which was severely warned by the party and reduced in post level.

　　Zhang Jinbing, a teacher of Mudanjiang No.11 Middle School, paid 40,000 yuan for remedial classes. He was punished by lowering his post level, made a profound written review, returned his disciplinary income, and cancelled the award evaluation within two years.

　　Sha Weiwei, a teacher of Mudanjiang No.14 Middle School, organized 18 students to make up lessons at the New Dream Education School with a total fee of 7,200 yuan. He was punished by lowering his post level, making a profound written review, returning his disciplinary income, and canceling the evaluation within two years.

　　Yu Tianming, a teacher of qitaihe city No.10 Middle School, paid extra lessons to 12 students in violation of regulations during the holidays, and charged each student a 600 yuan tuition fee. He was punished by lowering his professional skills by one grade and was disqualified from applying for professional and technical post evaluation and employment within three years.

　　Wang Fusheng, a teacher of wudalianchi city No.2 Middle School in Heihe City, illegally recruited boarding students at home, and made up lessons for some junior high school boarding students and 11 students who didn’t stay at his home, with a total charge of 6,920 yuan. He was punished by demerit, returned his disciplinary income and transferred from the No.2 Middle School.

　　Zhang Jing, a teacher of hegang No.21 Middle School, paid extra lessons for 27 students. Each student charged 200 yuan extra lessons every month, with a total fee of 5,400 yuan. She was punished by demerit, returned her disciplinary income, made a written examination, and was disqualified from evaluation and promotion within three years.

　　Yang Panshu, a teacher of No.51 Middle School in Daoli District, Harbin, was invited by the parents Liu to make up lessons for 8 students in this class and 4 students outside the school. By the end of November 2018, Liu had collected a total of 5,100 yuan from six students and paid 4,500 yuan to Yang Panshu. Yang Panshu was given a demerit and returned the disciplinary income.

　　Zhang Zhenqiang, a teacher of No.34 Middle School in Longsha District, Qiqihar City, gave one-on-one tutoring to five students in his own home. When checking, he charged a total of 4,400 yuan. He was punished by demerit and returned his disciplinary income.

　　Jianshe Wang, a teacher of No.5 Middle School in nehe city, Qiqihar City, organized 11 students to make up lessons outside the school, and each student received a monthly tuition fee of 300 yuan. When checking, the total fee was 2,400 yuan, which was punished by demerit.

　　Wo Shuying, a teacher of No.4 Middle School in Jiagedaqi District of Daxing ‘anling, charged 2000 yuan for organizing 13 junior high school students to make up English in her own home, and also ordered tutoring materials for 13 students, with a total charge of 426.4 yuan. She was punished by lowering her post level and returned her disciplinary income.

　　Yu Jingxi, a teacher of Hongqiao Middle School in nangang district, Harbin, paid extra lessons for 19 students, with a total fee of 1,710 yuan, and was punished by the party.

　　Lin Dongbo, a teacher of No.6 Middle School in Yichun District, Yichun City, charged four students a tuition fee of 1,200 yuan, and was severely warned and punished by the party, and the post of director of the Political and Educational Affairs Office was revoked.

　　Hou Xiaolei, a teacher of Shuangyashan No.1 Middle School, made up lessons for 11 students, each of whom charged 100 yuan every time, and was severely warned by the Party and demoted.

　　Feng Xigang, a teacher of Xiaohong Middle School in nangang district, Harbin, made up lessons at the Beijing Youcai Cultural School in Xidazhi Street rented by his classmate Li, and the expenses were charged by Li to the students, and Li gave Feng Xigang a tuition fee for 1000 yuan. Feng Xigang was severely punished by the party.

　　Zhang Xingwang, a teacher of Fuyuan No.3 Middle School in Jiamusi City, used the weekend to make up lessons for 13 students, and each student paid 200 yuan a month for making up lessons. On that day, five students paid 1000 yuan for making up lessons. Zhang Xingwang was warned by the party.

　　In addition to the above 15 middle school teachers being notified and dealt with for paid classes, three middle school teachers were also notified and dealt with for accepting parents’ gifts, engaging in business activities in violation of regulations, and illegally designating students to purchase supplementary teaching materials.

　　Li Xueping, a teacher of No.3 Middle School in Tongjiang City, Jiamusi City, received a WeChat red envelope of 588 yuan from the parents of two students through WeChat during the "March 8" Women’s Day, and was given a warning.

　　Shao Zhenbo, a teacher of Daqing No.23 Middle School, was twice registered as a cultural goods store and musical instrument store in partnership with others, and served as a legal person, engaged in business activities, and was punished by a demerit.

　　Zheng Lei, a teacher of No.2 Middle School in Anda City, Suihua City, asked the students in her class to specify the purchase of geography exercise books. At the time of verification, she had purchased 99 copies, each 25 yuan, involving a total amount of 2,475 yuan, and was given a warning.

　　In addition, there are three primary school teachers on the list who have been notified and dealt with, mainly involving the issue of receiving parents’ gifts and making up lessons in violation of regulations.

　　Ren Shihong, a teacher of tieli city No.2 Primary School in Yichun City, received a total of 1,900 yuan from parents’ WeChat red envelopes during Teacher’s Day in 2018, and made paid remedial classes outside the school for three times, with a total charge of 5,200 yuan. He was punished by lowering his post level, revoking his post as head teacher and returning his disciplinary income.

　　Tong Dongmei, a teacher of Majiagou Primary School in nangang district, Harbin, has received gifts worth 3,076 yuan from the family Committee three times. The acquiescence of the family Committee to organize parents to charge for the class to buy printers (worth 7900 yuan). During the investigation, Tong Dongmei returned the expenses for personal gifts and class purchase of printers to the parents of the students, and was punished by the party.

　　Li Xiaomei, a teacher of Xincheng Primary School in Longsha District, Qiqihar City, received a total tuition fee of 1,400 yuan for holding a cram school, and was punished by the party’s warning. He was disqualified from three honors, namely, 2017 district-level teacher, 2018 city-level excellent teacher and 2018 district-level excellent teacher, and was disqualified from evaluation within three years.

　　The kindergarten teacher notified in the list is Wang Hongxu, a kindergarten teacher in Kangrong Center, Lanxi County, Suihua City.

　　From March to April, 2019, Wang Hongxu co-founded an unlicensed paid nursing class with others (non-teachers), and received a total nursing fee of 3,400 yuan in two months. He was given a demerit and was not allowed to evaluate the priority model, promote the professional title and transfer from the post of class teacher within two years.

　　The Education Department of Heilongjiang Province requires all localities to continue to strengthen discipline, resolutely investigate and deal with teachers who go their own way and violate discipline, and disqualify all teachers who do not converge and stop, and if the circumstances are serious, strive to create a good ecology in the field of education and run a satisfactory education for the people.

　　CCTV News:In this year’s government work report, the cancellation of provincial toll stations on national expressways was mentioned again. Today, the Ministry of Transport introduced the latest progress of this work.

　　According to the statistics of the Ministry of Transport, there are still 229 toll stations on the main expressway in China. The cancellation of these toll stations involves the reform and innovation of the toll collection mode, as well as a large number of hardware engineering construction and software upgrading, the unification of relevant policies, and the placement of personnel, which is quite difficult.

　　Wu Chungeng, spokesperson of the Ministry of Transport: Because expressways are built and operated by provinces, involving many business entities and some economic organizations, they all entered according to the law, and now they have to withdraw their stations, which involves fund settlement. In order to reflect fairness, the amount of coordination is very large. When it comes to personnel placement, there are about 30,000 people in more than 200 main line stations, which need to be properly placed within a certain period of time.

　　Wu Chungeng revealed that the Ministry of Transport regards the cancellation of provincial toll stations on expressways as the top priority in 2019. A special work headquarters has been set up to clarify the implementation route and related technical solutions.

　　At present, in view of each technical difficulty and risk point, the special work headquarters has formulated a plan and has specific countermeasures to achieve the goal of withdrawing the station.

　　Wu Chungeng, spokesperson of the Ministry of Transport: We will mobilize all forces and do everything possible to ensure that the provincial toll stations of national expressways will be basically cancelled ahead of schedule within two years.