In 1970, the Long March-1 carrier rocket successfully launched China’s first artificial earth satellite "Dongfanghong-1". Information photo

　　On the occasion of the May 1 ST International Labor Day in 2019, the Central Propaganda Department and the All-China Federation of Trade Unions publicly released the advanced deeds of "the most beautiful workers" in 2019 to the whole society. The picture shows the overall design team of the deep space exploration spacecraft system of the General Department of China Academy of Space Technology of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation at the release ceremony on April 21st. Xinhua news agency

　　The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China expounded the initial intention and mission of the Communist Party of China (CPC) people to "seek happiness for the people of China and rejuvenation for the Chinese nation". For the happiness of China people and the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, the purpose of China Academy of Space Technology (hereinafter referred to as "Academy") is to develop China’s space industry, serve the national strategic needs, build a world-class aerospace enterprise, and support the construction of a space power. While the whole Party is carrying out in-depth education on the theme of "Do not forget your initiative mind, Keep in mind the mission", it is of great significance to grasp, follow and apply the development law of China’s space industry, stick to its original intention and shoulder the mission bravely, so as to accelerate the development of China’s space industry and better shoulder the historical responsibility of building a space power.

　　1. Grasp the development law of China’s space industry and adhere to the development path of space industry with China characteristics.

　　Looking back on the development of China’s space industry, the development law of China’s space industry is a magic weapon for China’s space industry to create new glories from scratch and from small to large, and it is also an important cornerstone for carrying forward the past and forging ahead courageously, which must be adhered to for a long time and never wavered.

　　Adhering to the leadership of the Party is the fundamental guarantee for the rapid development of China’s space industry.

　　The most essential feature of Socialism with Chinese characteristics is the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s leadership, and the greatest advantage of Socialism with Chinese characteristics system is the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s leadership. Space cause is a great cause that concerns national security, shows national strength and embodies national will. As the main force to promote the development of China’s space industry, the establishment of the research institute is an important decision and strategic choice made by the CPC Central Committee to achieve breakthroughs in economic, national defense and scientific and technological construction in the poor and weak domestic environment. The CPC Central Committee has always attached great importance to the development of the space industry. From the beginning of the establishment of the space industry in 1956 to the present, every step forward and every leap in the development of China’s space industry cannot be separated from the wise decision-making and correct leadership of the CPC Central Committee.

　　At a time when new China is in full swing, the CPC Central Committee has made a decision to develop the space industry considering the country’s long-term development strategy. In 1958, Comrade Mao Zedong put forward that "we should also build artificial satellites", which started the journey of exploring space in China. At the beginning of the reform and opening-up, the CPC Central Committee approved the "863" high-tech research and development plan and made a major decision to develop the "New Samsung One Arrow". In the 1990s, manned spaceflight was carried out. In the 21st century, manned spaceflight and lunar exploration projects, Beidou satellite navigation system and high-resolution Earth observation system have been included in the national medium-and long-term scientific and technological development plan. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has attached great importance to the construction of a space power, demanding that we "make new contributions to the construction of a space power", which has opened a new chapter in China’s space industry.

　　History shows that the development history of China’s space industry is a struggle history of adhering to the leadership of the Party, firmly following the direction of the CPC Central Committee, and pushing the cause from victory to victory. Adhering to the party’s leadership is a unique advantage for the development of space industry, and it is also the fundamental guarantee for our brilliant achievements.

　　● Always adhering to the country-oriented value orientation is a solid cornerstone for the rapid development of China’s space industry.

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that in the long history of the Chinese nation’s development for thousands of years, patriotism has always been the passionate theme and a powerful force to inspire people of all ethnic groups in China to strive for self-improvement. "Putting the country first" is a vivid manifestation of patriotism in China’s space cause. For the people in the institute, "putting the country first" means "serving the motherland with success and creating brilliance with Excellence", always insisting on putting national interests first and personal interests subordinate to national interests.

　　Looking back at the history, the development course of the Institute for more than 50 years is an epic of glorious struggle by generations of researchers, Do not forget your initiative mind, who strives for progress, values the country and dares to surpass it. In the initial stage of their career, the older generation of researchers, represented by Qian Xuesen, Yang Jiayuan, Wang Xiji and Sun Jiadong, returned to China with infinite love for the motherland, devoted themselves to the development of space, and turned China’s first artificial earth satellite — — Dongfanghong-1 was sent into space. During the period of social transformation, the people in the institute have been adhering to the belief of "I will do it if the motherland needs it", and have worked hard on their majors, laying a solid foundation for the rapid development of the space industry in the future. During the period of career development, the researchers unified patriotism, ambition to strengthen the country and the trip to serve the country, and explained the life creed of "serving the motherland with success and creating brilliance with Excellence" with practical actions.

　　History has proved that "putting the country first" is the unswerving choice of researchers. People in the institute consciously link personal ideals with the destiny of the motherland, personal choices with the needs of the country, and personal interests with the interests of the people. Adhering to the country-oriented value orientation is a solid cornerstone for the rapid development of China’s space industry.

　　● Adhering to the road of self-reliance and independent innovation is the only way for the rapid development of China’s space industry.

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has repeatedly stressed that China must "adhere to the road of independent innovation with China characteristics" and "be determined to innovate independently, strengthen innovation confidence, and strive to enhance independent innovation capability." Key core technologies can’t be bought, bought or discussed. China’s space industry must take the road of self-reliance and independent innovation to build the country’s heavy weapon.

　　The development history of China’s space industry is a struggle history of self-reliance and independent innovation. During the development of the "Dongfanghong-1" satellite, the researchers were self-reliant, overcame numerous technical difficulties and created a solid "China thickness"; In the process of carrying out the manned spaceflight project, the researchers broke through and mastered the core technologies such as round-trip between heaven and earth, extravehicular space, rendezvous and docking, and on-orbit propellant replenishment, and constantly refreshed the "China speed" in the history of aerospace; During the construction of Beidou navigation satellite system, the researchers realized that the core technologies of on-board equipment such as atomic clock were in hand and 100% controllable, creating a perfect "China accuracy"; In the process of implementing the lunar exploration project, the researchers built the world’s first earth-moon relay communication satellite, realized the first soft landing on the back of the moon, and constantly refreshed the "China height" of deep space exploration; In the process of promoting the special project of high-resolution Earth observation system, researchers have broken through a series of major technical bottlenecks of high-resolution Earth observation, and supported the national people’s livelihood security with a steady "China span".

　　The road of independent innovation and development has been explored by generations of researchers in the long and arduous struggle. Adhering to the development path of self-reliance and independent innovation contains the deepest national endowment of the Chinese nation, which is the only way to climb the peak of world science and technology and the only way for the rapid development of China’s space industry.

　　● Always adhering to the scientific method of system engineering is the magic weapon for the rapid development of China’s space industry.

　　Spacecraft development is an extremely complex system engineering, which has the characteristics of great technical difficulty, high quality risk, many factors involved and complicated organization and management. Eliminating all difficulties to ensure success is the last word, and ensuring success has always been the eternal pursuit of researchers.

　　Over the past 50 years, the Institute has gradually established a scientific and perfect spacecraft development system based on system engineering theory. In the initial stage of the space industry, the Institute insisted on pre-research generation, development generation and production generation, and initially established the China spacecraft development management system. From the late 1970s to the mid-1980s, model development changed from project research to engineering development management. The Institute established a designer system and an administrative command system, and initially standardized the satellite development procedures. Since the middle and late 1980s, space technology has been fully applied to engineering, and the theory and practice of systems engineering have also entered a stage of all-round development. The Institute has carried out research and development contract management with technical and economic integration, and formed a series of systems engineering management ideas and methods.

　　Since the beginning of the new century, China’s space industry has entered a stage of rapid development, and the development of space technology has entered a critical period to achieve a major breakthrough. The number of annual launches and the number of aerospace models under research have hit record highs, which has brought great challenges to model research and production and quality management. The Institute systematically carried out the construction of three capacity projects, namely, "innovation leading", "aerospace intelligence building" and "quality improvement", and formed a scientific research and industrialization management mode of aerospace business in line with the concept of system engineering, as well as many effective scientific research and production management mechanisms and quality management rules and regulations, which laid a solid foundation for the smooth development of model development, continued to promote the transformation and upgrading of spacecraft development mode, and created a new chapter in the transformation and upgrading of China’s space research and production mode.

　　For decades, generations of researchers have always adhered to the scientific method of systems engineering, ensured the complete success of the model launch mission with scientific management methods and a high degree of vigilance, and promoted the steady development of the space industry. Adhering to the scientific method of systems engineering is the magic weapon for the rapid development of China’s space industry.

　　● It is an inexhaustible source for the rapid development of China’s space industry to always adhere to the strategy of strengthening the enterprise through talents and continuously inherit and carry forward the space spirit.

　　Behind every brilliant aerospace achievement, there are a large number of aerospace talents who love the motherland, selfless dedication and innovation.

　　The aerospace spirit is an important part of the Chinese national spirit and a powerful spiritual driving force for the leap-forward development of the aerospace industry. In the process of composing China’s space career for more than 50 years, the Institute has become an important birthplace of the traditional spirit of space, the spirit of "two bombs and one satellite" and the spirit of manned space flight. During the vigorous development of the space industry, the connotation of the space spirit pedigree has been continuously enriched, and the spirit of Beidou and the spirit of exploring the moon have been condensed and formed. They are the continuous enrichment, perfection and sublimation of the space spirit, which has injected more abundant model characteristics and era connotation into the space spirit pedigree.

　　The aerospace spirit has inspired generations of researchers to move from victory to victory. They have been deeply integrated into the blood and soul of the people in the institute, and they are a powerful spiritual driving force for the institute to make concerted efforts to promote the development of the space industry. It is with such a top talent team and brilliant aerospace spirit that the researchers can further overcome difficulties, persevere, keep their motivation and continue their struggle. We firmly believe that it is an inexhaustible source for the rapid development of China’s space industry to always adhere to the strategy of strengthening enterprises through talents and to always inherit and carry forward the space spirit.

　　2. Grasp the development direction of China’s space industry and accelerate the development of China from a space power to a space power.

　　The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China has comprehensively planned and deployed a grand blueprint for building a socialist modernization power and a world-class army by the middle of this century. The Institute will grasp the development direction of China’s space industry, Do not forget your initiative mind, keep in mind its mission, forge ahead into the future and continue to struggle, and lay a solid foundation for building China into a space power in 2045.

　　● improve the position, grasp the direction, and strive to create a new situation of the party’s overall leadership.

　　The research institute will further improve its political position, continuously strengthen its political and ideological construction, earnestly enhance the "four consciousnesses", strengthen the "four self-confidences" and achieve the "two safeguards", resolutely implement the instructions of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on the construction of a space power, engrave the party’s initial heart and mission in mind, and unite the vigorous forces for building a space power. To give full play to the leading role of the Party, the Party Committee of the Institute will resolutely implement the requirements of "two consistency", take the difficulties of reform as the focus of work, take the key of development as the foothold of work, persist in planning the future from the strategic height of building a space power, constantly study new changes and solve new contradictions, and earnestly shoulder the responsibility and burden of promoting the construction of a space power. Further deepen the comprehensive and strict administration of the party, constantly optimize the party building work system, compact the responsibility of managing the party, promote the grassroots party organizations to meet the standards, improve the supervision system, deepen the anti-corruption work, create a new situation in party building in the research institute, and provide a strong guarantee for promoting the development of space undertakings. Further strengthen the guarantee role of ideological and political work, carry out in-depth education on ideals and beliefs, effectively solve the concerns of employees, enrich the spiritual and cultural life of employees, give play to the role of matrix three-dimensional ideological and political work, create a strong atmosphere of "developing space industry and building a space power", and further strengthen the confidence and determination of building a space power.

　　● Be determined to study and think hard, and strive to create new glory in China’s space industry.

　　Major national projects have entered the critical period of implementation, and the task of developing and launching high-density aerospace models has become the new normal. In the face of major historical opportunities and severe challenges, the research institute will firmly build the belief of "pledging success and winning all the victories", advance layout, overall planning, scientific organization, and clear grasp, and go all out to complete the aerospace model tasks represented by major national projects and fulfill the mission of strengthening the country.

　　The research institute will go all out to complete major scientific and technological special construction tasks such as Beidou navigation global networking, the third-phase sampling return of the lunar exploration project, and the high-resolution Earth observation system; Make overall plans to promote the construction of space infrastructure and realize integrated and networked development; Build a near-earth orbit space station and realize its operational operation; Complete major scientific and technological projects of spacecraft on-orbit maintenance and service system; Realize the deep development and utilization of space resources, provide strong support for China’s industry voice and dominance in international space affairs, and strive to create new glory in China’s space industry.

　　● Driven by innovation and strengthened by new plans, we will strive to create new kinetic energy for the development of China’s space industry.

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed that the aerospace industry should "persist in implementing the innovation-driven strategy, boldly innovate, be determined to reform, be down-to-earth and bravely climb the peak". The direction of some important fields of space technology in China is in a critical period of transformation from following the main direction to running and leading in more fields. We must keep a close eye on the world-class level and direction, face challenges directly and promote innovation and development.

　　The research institute will adhere to independent innovation, take the "innovation-led" project as the starting point, and focus on four aspects: strategic planning, system research, core specialty and application foundation to accelerate the improvement of innovation ability. Facing the country’s major strategic needs, we will continue to carry out strategic planning, deepen the road map demonstration of space powers, and accelerate the construction of a strategic planning demonstration system; Facing market competition, tackling key problems thoroughly and systematically, facing sustainable development, and accelerating the breakthrough of core professional technology; Focus on the long-term, strengthen applied basic research, constantly identify and cultivate subversive and intercepting cutting-edge technologies, lead the development direction of space technology, and grasp the initiative of space development.

　　● Reform and innovation, transformation and upgrading, and write a new chapter in the high-quality development of China’s space industry.

　　Comprehensively deepening reform is always on the road. As the backbone of the national space industry, the Institute will further clarify the strategic objectives and key measures, and further enhance its ability to "ensure success with high quality, complete tasks with high efficiency, and promote the construction of a space power and national defense with high efficiency". At the same time, the research institute will promote the transformation and upgrading of scientific research and production mode as a whole; Promote the establishment of a modern enterprise system with parent-subsidiary companies as the basic form, and complete the transformation of public institutions into enterprises; Grasp the overall requirements of high-quality development, strengthen risk management and prevention capabilities, continue to promote slimming and fitness, improve quality and efficiency, and improve management level; Adhere to the international development strategy, continue to expand market channels, promote international operation, and fully promote the high-quality development of space industry.

　　● Give priority to talents and cultural people, and promote the role of aerospace spiritual culture in casting souls to a new level.

　　The new era, new orientation, new mission and new goal call for a more outstanding talent team, a richer and better pedigree of aerospace spirit and a more powerful mechanism for ideological and political work.

　　The Institute will make great efforts to innovate and explore new ideas and methods to carry out ideological and political work, and take the theme education of "Do not forget your initiative mind, Keep in mind the mission" as an opportunity to further strengthen the ideals and beliefs of the cadres in the hospital. Efforts will be made to cultivate and practice socialist core values and continue to spread aerospace characteristic value concepts such as "focusing on the country". Efforts will be made to strictly implement the responsibility system for ideological work, firmly grasp the leadership and initiative of ideological work, and unite and lead the broad masses of workers to devote themselves to building a space power.

　　It is the concrete practice of the party’s initial heart and mission in the research institute to strengthen the belief of serving the country by space and the mission of strengthening the country by space, and it is also the responsibility of all the researchers! To build a space power, China Academy of Space Technology will thoroughly implement the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, grasp and follow the development law of China’s space industry, keep in mind Do not forget your initiative mind’s mission, continue to struggle for building a space power in an all-round way, and continue to write a new chapter on the journey of realizing the goal of "two hundred years" and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese dream by the Chinese nation.

　　 (Author: Theoretical Learning Center Group of Party Committee of China Academy of Space Technology)

Special feature of 1905 film network Before the Double Eleven, domestic fans had entered the carnival mode.On October 29th, 2020, at the 20th National Cinema Domestic New Film Promotion Conference, more than 500 people gathered in Hengdian, Zhejiang, including 51 cinemas, over 50 film investment companies, distributors and production representatives. China Film, Huaxia, Bona, Wanda, Huayi and other upstream production companies have collectively promoted more than 100 outstanding domestic new films (including co-productions).

According to the information such as the promotion film list and the preparatory film list released by major film and television companies, it is accumulated that 262 new films will have or are expected to land in the cinema market in 2021. Among them, 242 films were made in China, accounting for 92.37% of the total, and 20 films were co-productions.

Movie Channel Merging Media, together with 1905 Movie Network and M Big Data, released the "2021 Cinema Foresight Report", and made a comprehensive inventory of 262 new films from the perspectives of film types, themes, IP and production companies.

What secrets will this report tell the audience behind the new film?

New films: plot, animation and comedy account for the largest proportion.

262 new films to be released, what state the progress bar is in, is one of the most concerned issues for the audience.

Judging from the current shooting progress, after rough statistics, there are 68 films in the preparatory stage, 112 films in the shooting and production stage, and 68 films have been completed and finalized. The proportion of new films in the shooting and production stage is the largest, reaching 42.75% of the whole.

Among the films that have been booked, at the 20th National Cinema Domestic New Film Promotion Conference, three relay films were booked for the Spring Festival in 2021, which pushed the market sentiment to a climax. The three films just correspond to animation, comedy and plot types respectively, which is highly consistent with the portrait data of the new film types to be released.

After counting the main elements of 262 new films to be shown, it can be found that the film list types cover 26 categories. Among them, the number of films with plot elements is 101, accounting for 22.1%, ranking first in the film genre. Animation and comedy genre films followed closely, reaching 47 and 45 respectively, accounting for 17.9% and 17.1% of the total.

The number of new animated films ranks second, which is closely related to the national craze caused by high-quality domestic animated films such as, and so on. The comedy film has always been one of the evergreen films in the world.

In the top ten genre films, except for the above three, the number of new films about action, suspense, love, fantasy and crime is above 30. In recent years, these types of films have not run away from many box office dark horses and have a certain audience base.

With more new films being produced and finalized, China audiences will have more choices on the big screen in 2021. For cinema managers, these new films also indicate that cinema revenue has a basic guarantee.

New trend: the main melody melody is in full bloom.　

In recent years, with the right climate and the right people, the main melody blockbuster has become the new favorite of the market.

,,, etc., organically integrated the theme of the times with commercial value, achieving a double harvest of box office and word of mouth. Facts have proved that the main melody blockbuster skillfully integrated with commercial elements is easier to be digested and absorbed by the audience.

Among the new films to be released in 2021, the theme film is still an important part worthy of attention. Among these films, there are not only the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Party, but also the theme of resisting US aggression and aiding Korea, as well as red classic films.

In addition to reviewing history, many main melody films follow the pace of the times, praising China spirit and carrying forward patriotic feelings. For example, Shenzhou, which is the theme of manned spaceflight, Doctor China, which tells the story of China people’s war and epidemic, and China Flight Tester, which tells the story of China’s "test hero" Li Zhonghua, etc.

There are more realistic works based on real people and story prototypes. For example, the economic investigation film adapted from the "Fox Hunting Action" of the Ministry of Public Security, the story about the Jedi rescue of the frontier armed police, and the theme of getting rid of poverty.

Since the summer file in 2018, after the upsurge of realistic works was started, the strong sense of substitution and resonance of such works are more likely to give birth to box office dark horses and are more favored by capital. In 2021, the realistic works in the mainland film market are still at the peak of creation.

The market value of classic IP is reflected in many ways, such as sequels, adaptations and remakes. Among the 262 new films to be released, such as "manslaughter 2", etc., or will form a domestic series of films. Detective Chinatown 3, which will be released in the Spring Festival in 2021, has become one of the most concerned films in the sequel.

In addition, The Order of the Gods, which is based on the explosive mobile game IP, and The Blade of Wandering, which is based on the novel IP of Ghost Blowing Lights, remake the classic "Loyal Dog Eight Men" and other films with the same name, and it has been or is expected to be scheduled for 2021. Mature market awareness and broad audience base are important reasons why classic IP is popular in the market.

And Ne Zha have successively become explosions, which not only proves that the level of China’s film industry keeps pace with the times, but also sets off the creation fever of similar films.

At the 2020 China Science Fiction Conference held in early November, a set of data showed that under the leadership of The Wandering Earth, the total box office of domestic science fiction films reached 7,140.5 million in 2019, an increase of 212% compared with 2018. In the future, domestic sci-fi films such as "The Trilogy of Outer Space" directed by Chen Sicheng, supervised by Ning Hao and directed by Zhang Xiaobei will attract much attention from the market.

After the national cinemas resumed work in an orderly manner, the Opinions on Promoting the Development of Science Fiction Films jointly issued by the State Film Bureau and the China Association for Science and Technology strengthened the system construction of science fiction film production and personnel training from the policy level.

In terms of animated films, the new films to be released in the future are both young and adult. The series "Bears haunt", the permanent guest of the Spring Festival file, is the best choice for parents and children to watch movies. Adult-oriented animation, such as Phoenix and Nezha 2, adapted from classic fairy tales, shoulders the heavy responsibility of creating more glories for domestic animation.

It is worth mentioning that many domestic documentaries in the film list have international vision and production standards, and have certain box office potential. Directed by Jia Zhangke, after the world premiere of the special screening unit of the 70th Berlin International Film Festival, the audience gained online reputation. The first BRICS documentary film "Young People Without Borders" led by director Lu Chuan and the first water resource documentary "Zero Water Day" are all worthy of attention.

New mode: New and old film and television companies explore more cooperation modes.

The film and television circle has always been a vanity fair, and the participation of capital is indispensable behind many new films.

According to the current public information, a number of film and television production agencies have participated in the production and distribution of many new works. China Film Group, Huayi Brothers, WANDA CINEMAS and Enlight Media have exposed more than 20 reserved films respectively. By participating in the statistics of the number of projects, it is not difficult to find that the traditional film and television companies in the head are still in the leading echelon, and the new Internet film companies have grown into the backbone.

WANDA CINEMAS and Huayi Brothers, as the "big brothers" in the industry, give full play to the advantages of resource integration, not only participate in the production of Spring Festival blockbusters such as Detective Chinatown 3 and The Order of the Gods, but also actively arrange online film and television services such as online movies and online dramas, and actively explore more production modes and revenue channels.

As representatives of Internet film companies, Alibaba Pictures, Cat’s Eye Film and Tencent Film have an average reserve of more than 15 films. In the past, the lack of master explosion movies has become a collective pain point for Internet film companies. Nowadays, with the resources and experience accumulated by deep participation in publicity and development, these companies are testing water more and more times.

In addition to the increasing number of master works, the types in the company’s film list are more and more diversified, and both commercial expression and author’s style are equally important, which has become one of the content characteristics of Internet film companies participating in film production. At the beginning of the announcement, these companies took advantage of big data and launched more new models.

There are more and more cases in which traditional film companies and Internet film companies strengthen cooperation and give full play to their respective advantages. For example, among the producers of 1921, Fox Hunting, and other films, there are both traditional and Internet studios. In addition, new cross-border forces, represented by POP MART cultural and creative companies, are increasingly appearing among new film investors.

In the creation of big-screen works, besides the blessing of capital, the participation of filmmakers is essential. Judging from the creative information of new films to be released in 2021, many heavyweight filmmakers are active in all aspects of film creation.

Among them, three directors, Ning Hao, Jia Zhangke and Wu Ershan, all participated in the creation of five films. Their identity, from director to producer to actor, can be described as omnipotent. The change of different identities can also see the help of mature directors for the younger generation.

Among these films to be released, M Big Data sorts out the ten works that are most expected by netizens. Among them, six films, such as Detective Chinatown 3, Japanese and Korean, have been booked for the Spring Festival in 2021.

Detective Chinatown 3 ranks first in the M-fever list of 8 works scheduled for the Spring Festival next year, followed by The Rescue and Boonie Bears:The Wild Life. According to previous market experience, Detective Chinatown 3, which has the highest popularity before the screening, will lead the box office competition for the Spring Festival. Whether this film can break the curse of "the front runner can’t be the total box office champion" is worthy of attention.

In the future, 262 new films will meet the audience one after another. The collective booking and release of these new films indicates that the China film market has recovered its former vitality and will create more glories.

Original clinical nutrition network

Author: Plain dust-free

Postdoctoral fellow, University of California San Diego Cancer Center. Nutritionist, food safety engineer

Washington University in St Louis, graduate student in public health, pre-medical doctor. Doctor of Public Health from Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, and Delta Omega Doctoral Award, one of the highest honors of American public health graduates. "China Clinical Nutrition Network" signed a dietitian

His main research interests are smoking cessation, alcohol withdrawal and marijuana withdrawal, nutrition and chronic diseases, and cancer prevention and control.

The article was first published in big doctor magazine, and was revised by the author and then pushed again.

China Clinical Nutrition Network has been authorized to reprint

Nutrients are various substances needed by the human body, which support the growth, development and normal physiological functions of the human body. The nutrients needed by the human body can be roughly divided into seven categories. In the past, we used 15 issues to introduce the physiological functions, excess and deficiency, food sources and hot topics of seven nutrients in detail.

The following is a brief summary of them and a link to introduce each nutrient in detail (click the title to enter directly):

General introduction

The first issue:

(Image from WeChat public platform public photo gallery)

1. protein

An important component of the human body, used to repair and build body tissues, is also the main component of enzymes, hormones and antibodies. Protein is rich in meat, eggs, beans, nuts and seeds.

Phase II:

(Image from WeChat public platform public photo gallery)

2. Fat

Provide energy for the body and help absorb fat-soluble vitamins. It includes saturated fat, monounsaturated fat and polyunsaturated fat. Healthy sources of fat include fish, nuts, seeds and olive oil.

The third issue:

(Image from WeChat public platform public photo gallery)

3. carbohydrates

The main energy source of the human body. It includes sugar, starch and fiber. Whole grains, vegetables, fruits and beans are good sources of carbohydrates.

Phase IV: Phase V:

(Image from WeChat public platform public photo gallery)

4. vitamins

Nutrients that the human body cannot make by itself and must obtain from food or supplements. They contribute to various physiological functions of the body, including immunity, vision and bone health. Vitamins are mainly obtained by eating fresh vegetables, fruits and whole grains.

Issue 6: Issue 7: Issue 8:

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5. minerals

It is very important for bone health, muscle function, nerve conduction and some biochemical reactions. Foods rich in minerals such as fresh vegetables, fruits, whole grains, nuts and seeds.

Issue 9: Issue 10: Issue 11: Issue 12:

(Image from WeChat public platform public photo gallery)

6. Dietary fiber

Although they are not absorbed by human body, they have many health benefits, including improving digestion, preventing constipation, controlling blood sugar and reducing the risk of heart disease. Dietary fiber mainly comes from vegetables, fruits, whole grains and beans.

Issue 13:

(Image from WeChat public platform public photo gallery)

7. Water

The main component of the human body is vital to the functions of all body systems, including temperature regulation, waste removal and transportation of nutrients.

Issue 14: Issue 15:

(Source: WeChat public platform public photo library)

Attachment: Nutritional catering

Why do people eat so many kinds of food every day? Because the body needs balanced nutrients! Every food contains different nutrients, so we need to take them from different foods. Generally, weight catering method and energy catering method can be used.

Issue 16: Issue 17: In the next series, we will use 10 issues to introduce nutrition and health in different life cycles, including the potential impact of newborn birth weight on health, eating and sleeping of babies, health and nutrition needs of children and adolescents, and nutrition needs and health management in early, middle and late adulthood. Regarding the life cycle, if you have any special topics you want to know, please leave a message.

Original title: "[Popular Science Nutrition] A summary of the seven nutrients and nutritional meals that the human body needs! 》

Read the original text

Percutaneous argon-helium knife treatment of liver cancer is one of the non-surgical treatment methods in recent years, which indicates that the treatment of liver cancer has entered a new stage of cryotherapy. Professor Yang Yongping, director of the Department of Hepatology and Medicine, Fifth Medical Center, General Hospital of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, shared the cryoablation treatment of liver cancer in the first multi-disciplinary cooperation forum of Anhui Province, and the platform of treating liver cancer with sincerity specially compiled the essence for readers.

Overview of liver cancer

In China, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth largest malignant tumor and the second largest tumor-related death cause, with a five-year survival rate of only 14.2%. How to treat liver cancer scientifically and benefit the long-term survival of patients is an important clinical problem, and it is also the gold standard to measure the treatment level of medical units. In 2022, the updated guidelines for prognosis and treatment strategy of clinical liver cancer (BCLC) in Barcelona proposed that patients with HCC should be accurately evaluated individually. Doctors need to fully consider the scope and load of the tumor, the nutritional status and human performance of the patient, complications, age, etc., and formulate individualized treatment methods for the patient.

No matter what stage the patient is in, local ablation is an important treatment. At present, a variety of mature local ablation treatment techniques for liver cancer have been formed, including radiofrequency ablation, microwave ablation, cryoablation, irreversible electroporation (nano-knife) and so on.

Overview of cryoablation therapy

Cryoablation therapy has experienced a long development process. In 1800, James Arnott discovered that the mixture of ice and salt could delay the progress of breast cancer, uterine cancer and skin cancer. In 1950, liquid nitrogen and dry ice were used to treat different kinds of diseases, especially benign skin lesions. In 1961, Cooper and Le introduced the first automatic cryosurgical equipment, but it used liquid nitrogen as refrigerant, which had many complications and was only used in laparotomy. In the 1970s and 1980s, liquid nitrogen needle was used to treat prostate hypertrophy and prostate cancer, but the cryoablation technology was stagnant due to many complications. In the 1990s, intraoperative ultrasound monitoring of freezing process was used in surgery by scholars, and argon was studied as the refrigerant. In 1998, the third generation cryosurgery system (Argon-Helium cryosurgery system) came out in the United States, which used argon as the refrigerant and helium as the heat medium, bringing revolutionary progress to minimally invasive cryosurgery. In 2000, cryotherapy entered American medical insurance. In 2003, the World Congress of Targeted Cancer Therapy recommended cryoablation as the first choice for advanced lung cancer and liver cancer. In 2010, the standardized diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer promoted by the Health Planning Commission listed cryoablation as a local treatment for liver cancer. In 2016, after more than 10 years of unremitting efforts, Professor Yang Yongping’s team led the overall and comprehensive innovation and development of percutaneous cryoablation of liver cancer at home and abroad, changed the international prejudice on cryoablation of liver cancer, turned the small path into the big road, the irregular into the norm, and the unpopular into the hot spot.The technological innovation of cryoablation of liver cancer won the first prize of Beijing Science and Technology Progress Award. In 2018, 2019 and 2020, experts’ consensus on imaging-guided cryoablation for lung cancer, experts’ consensus on imaging-guided cryoablation for bone and soft tissue tumors, experts’ consensus on imaging-guided cryoablation for kidney cancer and experts’ consensus on imaging-guided cryoablation for liver cancer were released respectively. So far, NCCN, AASLD, APASL, EASL and other guidelines have recommended cryoablation for the treatment of primary liver cancer.

At present, the Department of Hepatology Medicine of the General Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army has become the largest medical center for treating liver tumors in the world last year, constantly exploring the innovation of cryoablation technology, adopting high-vacuum heat insulation technology, only destroying the tumor site without damaging the surgical path, and adopting multi-stage heat exchange technology, which makes the refrigerant utilization rate higher and the cooling rate faster, and it is easier to induce the frozen immune response of liver cancer patients, activate their own anti-tumor immunity and produce ectopic tumor inhibition.

Therapeutic mechanism and characteristics of cryoablation technology

The cryoablation area is composed of central coagulative necrosis area and peripheral tissue injury area with different degrees. The mechanism of rapid direct cell necrosis in the central area includes mechanical damage caused by ice crystal formation inside and outside the cell and osmotic damage caused by dehydration and rupture of the cell. Peripheral injury areas are mainly related to freezing-related secondary injuries, including hypoxia death of tumor tissue caused by blood embolism, apoptosis caused by reversible injury, and waterfall-like ectopic tumor suppression by stimulating immune regulation.

The characteristics of cryoablation technology include: ① clear treatment boundary, real-time monitoring under image, safe and reliable treatment; ② Treatment can stimulate human immunity and strengthen tumor treatment; ③ Physical therapy is non-toxic to human body, with extremely low side effects; ④ The treatment is painless, without general anesthesia and participation of anesthesiologists, and the treatment is convenient; ⑤ Not limited by the artificial pacemaker installed in the body; ⑥ Effective, suitable for lung cancer, liver cancer, kidney cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer and other solid tumors.

In addition, ultrasound, CT, laparoscopy or intraoperative direct vision guidance can be used for cryoablation treatment, and the tumor position and the formation of ice hockey can be monitored in real time.

Current situation of percutaneous cryoablation of HCC

Before 2005, based on the previously reported clinical research results, there were many complications, such as bleeding, liver parenchyma frost crack, freezing shock, coagulation dysfunction and so on. International scholars were cautious about this technology. After 2005, percutaneous cryoablation for liver cancer has developed in China, especially with the publication of China’s continuous clinical summary and high-level evidence in the top international journal Hepatology. More and more clinical studies have confirmed that percutaneous cryoablation for liver cancer is safe and effective, and international scholars have a positive attitude.

Professor Yang Yongping’s team took the lead in conducting clinical research to determine the indications of liver cirrhosis-related HCC by percutaneous cryoablation. In this study, 1681 patients with liver cirrhosis-related HCC and 682 patients with advanced HCC were selected, and the indications and standards of complete cryoablation and selective cryoablation were established. It was proposed that the ablation volume of the target lesion should exceed 50% of the tumor volume or minimize the tumor load, relieve the symptoms caused by the tumor, improve the quality of life and prolong the survival time. The study also innovatively changed the percutaneous puncture to guide needle to locate the introduction of vascular sheath to solve the problem of bleeding after cryoablation, which has been cited by foreign counterparts for many times and suggested routine application.

Indications for complete cryoablation of liver cancer:

① The maximum diameter of a single tumor is less than 5 cm, or the number of tumors is less than 3, and the maximum diameter is less than 3 cm;

② Recurrence after surgical resection or other local treatment meets the conditions ①;

③ Child-Pugh A or B of liver function, bilirubin level ≤51.3μmol/L, or reaching this standard after medical treatment;

④ The blood coagulation function is good (prothrombin activity > 40%, platelet count > 30×109//L, using sheath hemostasis and packing system);

⑤ECOG PS ≤2；

⑥ Cirrhosis, including a history of chronic liver disease, with enlarged hepatic fissure/metacentric colon/esophageal varices/gastric varices/serrated liver surface, a history of upper gastrointestinal bleeding or ascites, and platelets < 100×109/L..

Indications for selective cryoablation of liver cancer:

① Single tumor with a maximum diameter of > 5cm or multiple tumors with a maximum diameter of > 3cm that cannot be surgically removed, regardless of whether there is tumor thrombus in portal vein;

② Child-Pugh A or B liver function classification, bilirubin level ≤51.3μmol/L or reaching the standard after medical treatment;

③ The blood coagulation function is good (prothrombin activity > 40%, platelet count > 30×109/L, using sheath hemostasis and packing system);

④QECOG PS ≤2；

⑤ Cirrhosis, including a history of chronic liver disease, with widened hepatic fissure/metacentric colon/esophageal varices/gastric varices/serrated liver surface, a history of upper gastrointestinal bleeding or ascites, and platelets < 100×109/L..

In addition, Professor Yang Yongping’s team innovatively established measures to prevent and treat complications of percutaneous cryoablation of hepatocellular carcinoma. In this study, 3321 patients were selected, and the measures of percutaneous cryoablation of liver cancer complications were established and verified (Table 1).

Table 1 Measures for Complications of Percutaneous Cryoablation of Liver Cancer

Moreover, the study has achieved encouraging clinical results, which increased the complete tumor ablation rate by 10.6%, reduced the local tumor recurrence rate by 30.3% in 5 years, and improved the 5-year survival rate by 16.6%.

Advantages of cryoablation in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma

Although cryoablation has distinct advantages over radiofrequency ablation (RFA), there is no RCT study in the past to directly compare the efficacy of ablation of liver cancer, especially the safety. Professor Yang Yongping’s team designed RCT study in five years to evaluate the efficacy and safety of percutaneous cryoablation and radiofrequency ablation of liver cancer. For the tumor, there were statistical differences in the local tumor progression rate between the two groups at 1, 2 and 3 years: 3%, 7% and 7% in the frozen group, respectively; The RF group was 9%, 11% and 11% respectively (P = 0.043). Subgroup analysis: For hepatocellular carcinoma with a diameter of > 3cm, cryoablation has a lower local tumor progression rate (cryoablation vs. RF: 7.7% vs. 18.2%, P=0.041). There was no statistical difference in the local tumor progression rate between 1-2cm (frozen vs. RF: 0% vs.2.4%, P=1.000) and 2.1-3.0cm (frozen vs. RF: 4.1%vs.7.1%, P=0.656). The results were published in Hepatology magazine and also in China.

Professor Yang Yongping’s team also confirmed that cryoablation of HCC can produce ectopic tumor inhibition, with the incidence of ectopic tumor inhibition of 6.3%, and the median survival time of patients with ectopic tumor inhibition was significantly prolonged. The mechanism is related to the down-regulation of PD-1/PD-L1 and regulatory T cells after ablation. In addition, argon-helium cryotherapy is effective for elderly HCC.

Unresolved problems in cryoablation of HCC

There are also many problems to be solved in the process of cryoablation for HCC in the future:

1. Does tumor cell ablation release specific tumor cell death signal?

2. How can freezing produce the best ratio of necrosis and apoptosis?

3. Are the cytokines released after freezing derived from tumor microenvironment or natural immune response, and what is their time sequence?

4. Will the functional essence and time sequence of antigen presenting cells that absorb necrotic tissue change after cryoablation?

5. What is the effect of cryoablation and absorption of necrotic tissue on the immunosuppressive function of the body? How to reduce the immunosuppression of the body?

Expert introduction

　

Professor Yang Yongping.

Chinese people’s liberation army general hospital No.5 medical center

Director, Department of Hepatology and Medicine, PLA General Hospital

Chief physician, professor, doctoral tutor

Silver Star of Science and Technology of the General Logistics Department, winner of special allowance of the State Council

Chairman of the Professional Committee of Liver Diseases of China Research Hospital Association

Director of China Hepatitis Foundation

Director of China Research Hospital Association

Vice Chairman of Liver Disease Professional Committee of Beijing Branch of Chinese Medical Association

Vice Chairman of Liver Disease Professional Committee of Beijing Society of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine

Take the lead in the major special topics of the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan and Twelfth Five-Year Plan" of the country, the key topics of the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" of the army and the key topics of the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission in integration of defense and civilian technologies; Won one national science and technology progress award, one first prize of Beijing science and technology progress award and six second prizes of military science and technology progress award.

Finishing/platform review/Professor Yang Yongping

This article is only for medical and health professionals to understand information, and does not represent the views of this platform. This information cannot replace professional medical guidance in any way, nor should it be regarded as medical advice. If the information is used for purposes other than understanding the information, the platform and the author shall not bear the relevant responsibilities.

　　　 Living organ transplantation is a modern medical method that has developed rapidly in recent decades. Through living organ transplantation, countless critically ill patients have been cured and reborn. However, at the same time, this door still needs continuous improvement of medical technology, and there are also many mysteries that are still difficult to explain clearly. And many ugly and even vicious criminal cases that followed.

　　　 In Europe, America, even Japan and South Korea, it is not uncommon to make a fuss about living organ transplantation and create a scary atmosphere. However, in mainland China, it is exclusive to tell cases related to living organ transplantation. A Beating Heart tells the story of a mysterious murder caused by a heart transplant operation.

　　　 Around the heart transplant surgery in the film, the director successfully threw out a concept &mdash; &mdash; Heart memory, which roughly means that patients undergoing heart transplantation are likely to accept or even completely inherit the memory of the heart donor. The whole film "Desperate Heartbeat" is basically around the knowledge point of "heart memory" to make a fuss, and launched a thrilling and suspenseful story.

　　　 Regarding the phenomenon of "heart memory", there have always been similar cases among many examples of heart transplant operations around the world, but due to the insufficient development of science and technology at present, a reasonable explanation has never been given to this phenomenon. Therefore, for this phenomenon, the general view of the medical community is not to deny its existence, but not to make redundant explanations.

　　　 In the film "Desperate Heartbeat", Lin Xilei, who underwent a heart transplant, felt as if she had become another woman because of her "heart memory" &mdash; &mdash; Jiangbei Yan. Tony Leung Ka Fai, who performed a heart transplant for her, seems to have something else to hide. All the characters in the film seem to have ulterior motives. Around the heart of Lin Xilei, a life-and-death struggle is staged in horror. What is the truth behind the scenes? Only in late June, after the film is released in major theaters all over the country, wait for the audience to go to the theaters in person and find out!

It’s winter.
High incidence of respiratory infectious diseases
But can you tell what kind of infection it is?
Collect it! This article answers your questions!

　　1. What are the clinical manifestations of mycoplasma pneumoniae infection?
　　Mycoplasma pneumoniae is mainly infected by respiratory tract, which can cause pneumonia, often accompanied by pharyngitis and bronchitis.
　　The onset of mycoplasma pneumoniae infection is generally slow, and patients often have chills, fever and dry cough, which may be accompanied by symptoms such as stuffy nose, fatigue and headache. Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection has certain self-limitation. In recent years, the proportion of refractory mycoplasma pneumonia and severe mycoplasma pneumonia has increased among school-age children.

　　2. What are the clinical manifestations of respiratory syncytial virus infection?
　　In the early stage of respiratory syncytial virus infection, the main symptoms are upper respiratory tract infection, such as nasal congestion, runny nose, cough and hoarseness, and most of the symptoms will disappear by themselves in 1-2 weeks.
　　A few cases can develop into lower respiratory tract infections such as bronchiolitis or pneumonia, which are more common in infants under 2 years old.

　　3. What are the clinical manifestations of adenovirus infection?
　　Adenovirus infection has various clinical manifestations, which can cause common cold, bronchitis and pneumonia, diarrhea and gastroenteritis, conjunctivitis, cystitis and some nervous system inflammation.
　　People with chronic respiratory diseases, heart diseases or low immune function may have serious clinical symptoms after being infected with adenovirus.

　　4. What are the clinical manifestations of rhinovirus infection?
　　Rhinovirus infection can cause symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection such as nasal congestion, runny nose, sneezing, sore throat, fever or cough, and can also lead to wheezing and asthma aggravation in children.
　　Infants or children with basic diseases infected with rhinovirus may cause lower respiratory tract infections such as bronchiolitis and pneumonia. The infection of rhinovirus in the elderly can increase the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and the infection of hospitalized patients can lead to prolonged hospitalization.

　　5. What are the clinical manifestations of human metapneumovirus infection?
　　The incubation period of human metapneumovirus infection is 3~5 days, which often causes symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection, such as fever, cough, nasal congestion, runny nose and hoarseness, which are slightly self-limited, and the symptoms gradually ease in about 1 week.
　　Children, the elderly and immunocompromised people may have bronchiolitis, pneumonia or acute respiratory distress syndrome after infection.

　　6. What is the difference between the clinical manifestations of influenza, mycoplasma pneumoniae infection and common cold in children?
　　The clinical manifestations of influenza, mycoplasma pneumoniae infection and common cold in children are different, and the main differences are shown in the table below.
　　The clinical manifestations of respiratory tract infectious diseases are usually not specific, and there are individual differences among patients, so they can not be differentiated only by symptoms and signs, and usually need laboratory tests to diagnose.

　　

　　7. What are the commonly used therapeutic drugs for respiratory tract infection pathogens in adults?
　　Recently, viruses and mycoplasma are the main pathogens causing respiratory tract infections. At present, there are mabaloxavir, oseltamivir and palamivir for influenza virus, nematevir/ritonavir, sennotvir/ritonavir, Monola vir and deuterium hydrobromide for Covid-19, and macrolides (such as azithromycin), fluoroquinolones (such as moxifloxacin and levofloxacin) and tetracyclines (such as doxycycline and levofloxacin) for mycoplasma.
　　Some infections caused by viruses or mycoplasma will be secondary to bacterial infections. At this time, it is necessary to use antibiotics reasonably under the guidance of doctors to avoid drug resistance. Commonly used antibiotics include penicillins (such as amoxicillin/clavulanic acid), cephalosporins (such as cefaclor, cefuroxime and cefdinir), fluoroquinolones (such as moxifloxacin and levofloxacin) and macrolides (such as azithromycin). It is worth noting that the above drugs are all prescription drugs and need to be used under the guidance of a doctor.
　　If you are self-tested for influenza virus antigen or Covid-19 antigen, and have serious high-risk factors such as age over 65, body mass index (BMI) over 40kg/m, basic diseases (such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, tumor, immune system diseases, etc.) or pregnancy, it is suggested to take orally anti-influenza drugs oseltamivir or mabaloxavir or oral anti-Covid-19 drugs within 48 hours of onset. If respiratory symptoms get worse, you should seek medical advice promptly.

　　8. What drugs are commonly used by children to treat pathogens of respiratory infections?
　　Children infected with influenza virus can take neuraminidase inhibitors such as oseltamivir, and children over 5 years old can also choose RNA polymerase inhibitors such as mabaloxavir.
　　After children are infected with mycoplasma pneumoniae, the first choice is macrolide drugs, such as azithromycin, clarithromycin and roxithromycin. The alternative drugs are new tetracyclines (such as doxycycline and minocycline) and quinolones. Tetracyclines are only used for children over 8 years old because they may cause yellowing of teeth and hypoplasia of enamel.
　　Children and adolescents under the age of 18 who use quinolones need doctors to strictly evaluate the indications and pay attention to the side effects of the drugs.

　　9. What are the precautions in diet during respiratory infection?
　　During the period of respiratory infection, on the one hand, due to fever, cough, fatigue and other conditions, the patient’s appetite decreased compared with usual; On the other hand, respiratory tract infection leads to the increase of energy consumption and the increase of energy demand.
　　Therefore, it is particularly important to supplement nutrition in a reasonable and balanced way and ensure the supply of energy. People with decreased digestive function can eat less and eat more to ensure adequate energy intake.
　　(1) Recommended food:
　　① Highly nutritious and digestible foods: such as lean meat, chicken, fish, tofu, etc. These foods are rich in protein, which helps to repair body tissues.
　　2 foods rich in vitamins: fresh fruits and vegetables, such as oranges, kiwis, carrots and spinach, are rich in vitamin C and other antioxidants, which helps to enhance immunity.
　　③ Whole grains and foods rich in cellulose, such as oats, whole wheat bread and brown rice, provide necessary energy and cellulose.
　　4 Adequate water: Ensure adequate water intake, such as drinking water, juice or soup, which helps to keep the body water balance and relieve sore throat.
　　(2) Foods that are not recommended or need to be controlled:
　　Oily and spicy foods, high-sugar foods, caffeinated drinks, etc.

The new semester has arrived, and friends should start studying hard! In English learning, many grammatical problems will become a problem. Xiaobian will publish some articles about English spelling, punctuation, grammar, vocabulary description and writing tips one after another this semester, hoping to help English learning.

There are several differences in spelling between British English and American English. These differences are often due to the fact that British English often retains the spelling of the source language, such as French, while American English adjusts the spelling in order to correctly reflect the actual pronunciation of words.

If you want to write something for the British, you should only use British spelling. In a few cases, American spelling is also acceptable in British English, especially words ending in -ize/-ization. In this case, -ise/-isation or -ize/ization can be used in British English, but it is important to be consistent in an article and use one spelling from beginning to end.

Today, we list several major spelling differences and compare the spelling differences between British and American English.

1) Words ending in–re: English ends in–re; American style ends with -er.

2) Words ending in -our: English ends in -our; American usually ends with -or.

3) Words ending in -ize or -ise: In British English, verbs spelled with -ize or -ise are acceptable; In American English, it is always spelled -ize.

4) Words ending in -yse: In British English, this kind of verb is written as-yse; American English is always writing -yze.

5) Words ending in vowel+letter L: In British spelling, when a verb ends in vowel+letter L, if you need to add vowel, you will double write L; In American spelling, there is no need for double writing.

6) diphthongs’s spelling: In British English, diphthongs ae or oe are both two letters; In American English, they are all written as a letter e.

Tip: In American English, some specific words, such as archaeology, still retain the spelling of ae. This is the standard spelling method, and if it is only written as e, it is archeology, which is usually acceptable.

7) Nouns ending in -ence: nouns ending in -ence in British English are written as -ense in American English.

8) Nouns ending in–OGUE: English spelling is–OGUE; American spelling can be -og or -ogue.

This difference is not difficult to grasp. In American English, the writing of analogue is acceptable, but not universal; The spelling of catalog has become the standard form in the United States, and the writing of catalog is not uncommon; Dialogue is still more popular than dialogue.

Welcome to pay attention to WeChat WeChat official account: OxfordDictionaries and Weibo: @ Oxford Dictionaries Weibo.

(Source: Oxford Dictionary Editor: Julie)

According to the Notice of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security of the Organization Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and other ten departments on the implementation of the fourth round of the "Three Supports and One Support" plan for college graduates (No.32 [2021] of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security) and the Notice of the General Office of the Ministry of Finance on Doing a Good Job in the Implementation of the "Three Supports and One Support" plan for college graduates in 2022 (No.22 [2022] of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security), The Notice of the Organization Department of the Provincial Party Committee and the Provincial Department of Human Resources and Social Security on Doing a Good Job in Implementing the Plan of "Three Supports and One Support" for College Graduates in Jiangsu Province in 2022 (Su Ren She Fa [2022] No.67) and other documents require that in 2022, our province will recruit 400 college graduates and arrange them to be engaged in teaching, supporting agriculture, supporting doctors and helping rural revitalization in towns (streets) in eight cities in central Jiangsu and northern Jiangsu. The relevant matters are hereby announced as follows:

I. Number of recruits

1. 45 in Xuzhou (10 for teaching, 10 for supporting agriculture, 10 for supporting doctors, 10 for helping rural revitalization and 5 for water conservancy);

2. 40 in Nantong (6 in medical support, 29 in rural revitalization, 1 in water conservancy, and 4 in employment and social security services);

3. Lianyungang 55 (19 teaching, 21 supporting doctors, 8 helping rural revitalization, 1 water conservancy, 6 employment and social security services);

4. 40 in Huai ‘an City (3 for teaching, 7 for supporting agriculture, 8 for supporting doctors, 16 for rural revitalization, 4 for water conservancy, and 2 for employment and social security services);

5. 60 in Yancheng (7 in teaching, 19 in supporting agriculture, 11 in supporting doctors, 15 in helping rural revitalization, 2 in water conservancy, and 6 in employment and social security services);

6. 40 in Yangzhou (6 in teaching, 13 in supporting agriculture, 2 in supporting doctors, 15 in helping rural revitalization, 2 in water conservancy, and 2 in employment and social security services);

7. 40 in Taizhou (7 in teaching, 9 in supporting agriculture, 2 in supporting doctors, 10 in helping rural revitalization, 6 in water conservancy, and 6 in employment and social security services);

8. Suqian 80 (21 in teaching, 12 in supporting agriculture, 6 in supporting doctors, 30 in helping rural revitalization, 3 in water conservancy, and 8 in employment and social security services).

Second, the recruitment target and basic conditions

The recruitment targets are the graduates of full-time colleges and universities in the province in 2022, the graduates of full-time colleges and universities in Jiangsu in 2022, and the graduates of full-time colleges and universities in Jiangsu in 2020 and 2021. And meet the following conditions:

1. Good political quality, love the motherland and support the party’s basic line, principles and policies; Law-abiding, decent style; Have the spirit of professionalism and dedication, and volunteer to work in rural grassroots.

2. Qualified in academic performance, with corresponding professional knowledge, and able to graduate as scheduled.

(1) those who are engaged in teaching must be graduates with bachelor degree or above in normal or other related majors, and must obtain a teacher qualification certificate;

(2) Those who are engaged in supporting agriculture must be college graduates or above in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and other related agriculture-related majors;

(3) Those who are engaged in supporting medicine must be college graduates or above in medicine, pharmacy, public health and other related majors, and must meet the access requirements for health professionals and technicians;

(4) Those who are engaged in helping rural revitalization must be graduates with bachelor degree or above in public administration, social politics, Chinese secretarial, art, law, urban planning, construction engineering, finance and accounting, environmental protection, economy, business administration, business and trade, computer and other related majors;

(5) Those engaged in water conservancy work must be college graduates or above in water conservancy engineering and other related majors;

(6) Engaged in employment and social security services must be graduates with bachelor degree or above in public administration, social politics, Chinese secretarial, law, business administration and other related majors;

The setting directory of "major" in the above recruitment conditions refers to the "Jiangsu Province 2022 Examination Civil Servant Professional Reference Directory". Due to the epidemic situation in COVID-19, if the above recruitment conditions involve the requirements of teacher qualification certificate, they shall be implemented in accordance with the Notice of the General Office of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and the General Office of the Ministry of Education on Doing a Good Job in the Open Recruitment of Kindergarten Teachers in Primary and Secondary Schools in 2022 (No.21 [2022] of the Human Resources and Social Security Department).

(7) See the recruitment schedule for specific recruitment positions and requirements in various places.

3. Good health.

4. Undergraduate and junior college students are under 27 years old (born after January 1, 1995), and graduate students with master’s degree or above are under 30 years old (born after January 1, 1992).

5. Under the same conditions, party member, outstanding league cadres, outstanding student cadres and "three good students" are preferred.

III. Recruitment Procedures

The recruitment work is carried out in accordance with the procedures of individual registration, qualification examination, written examination, interview, inspection, physical examination, publicity and decision on employment.

1. From June 16th to June 20th, individuals can register online.

2. From June 16th to June 20th, the relevant municipal "three supports and one support" offices will conduct qualification examination on individual registration information and determine the candidates for written examination.

3. On July 3rd, the written examination was organized in the whole province, and test sites were set up in nine cities: Nanjing, Xuzhou, Nantong, Lianyungang, Huai ‘an, Yancheng, Yangzhou, Taizhou and Suqian.

In late 4.7, the relevant municipal "three supports and one support" offices organized interviews, inspections and physical examinations, and reported the list of candidates to the provincial "three supports and one support" offices.

At the end of 5.7, the provincial "three supports and one support" office unified publicity, publicity time of 7 days. After the publicity, the relevant cities shall handle the employment procedures.

IV. Policy Treatment and Guarantee

In order to ensure the implementation of various benefits, during the service period, the provincial finance will co-ordinate the central subsidy funds, issue special subsidy funds according to the standard of 26,000 yuan per person per year, and give a one-time resettlement fee of 3,000 yuan to the newly recruited personnel in that year. The insufficient part and the funds needed for the independent recruitment of "three supports and one support" personnel beyond the recruitment plan issued by the province shall be borne by the local county (city, district) finance.

"Three supports and one support" personnel can enjoy the following benefits:

(1) Protection of treatment during service

1. During the service period, the "three supports and one support" personnel refer to the standard of wage income level of newly hired staff from college graduates in local township institutions after the probation period expires, and determine the standard of working and living subsidies, which will be paid monthly. Welfare enjoys the same treatment as the staff of the service unit.

2. From the month of starting salary, employees of local enterprises shall participate in various social insurances, pay housing accumulation fund and plan housing subsidies, and their working and living subsidies shall be taken as the payment base. The part paid by the individual shall be withheld and remitted from the personal allowance by the unit that issues the working and living allowance.

3 for the service period of "three supports and one support" personnel for personal accident insurance. Related expenses are included in the scope of working and living subsidies given by the finance.

4. According to the standard of 3,000 yuan per person, a one-time settlement fee will be paid to the newly recruited "three supports and one support" personnel who have served on the job for more than 6 months.

5. The personnel files during the service of "three supports and one support" personnel shall be managed by the public employment and talent service institutions of the human resources and social security departments of the counties (cities, districts) where they are located in principle, and the household registration shall be settled in the seat of the government of the counties (cities, districts) where they serve or transferred back to their original places according to their wishes, and the relationship between the party and the group organizations shall be transferred to their units.

(2) Preferential policies upon expiration of service.

1. Take out a certain number of positions of civil servants, institutions and provincial and municipal state-owned enterprises every year, and specifically recruit (hire) grassroots service project personnel such as "three supports and one support" who have passed the service examination.

2. Those who have passed the "three supports and one support" after the expiration of the examination and participated in the national postgraduate entrance examination within 3 years will receive a total score of 10 points for the initial examination, and will be given priority under the same conditions; Graduates who have been admitted as graduate students participate in the "three supports and one support" program, the school should reserve their admission qualifications; Graduates of the "three supports and one support" college who have passed the examination after the expiration of service can enter the starting undergraduate course of adult higher education college without examination; Graduates with bachelor’s degree or above who participate in supporting medical services shall be arranged by the county-level health authorities to participate in standardized training for residents after the expiration of the period and passing the examination.

3. Those who have no work experience before participating in the "Three Supports and One Support" plan have expired and passed the examination. They can equally enjoy the relevant policies of recent college graduates in terms of taking part in the examination (recruitment) of government agencies and institutions, employment, self-employment, settlement and further studies of various enterprises within two years.

4. Those "three supports and one support" who have passed the examination after the expiration of the service period start their own businesses, are included in the scope of policy support for college graduates to start their own businesses, and provide "one-stop" services such as policy consultation, project development, entrepreneurship training, business incubation, micro-loans, business guidance and follow-up counseling for their own businesses. In accordance with the relevant policies, those who meet the requirements for engaging in individual business can be exempted from administrative fees; For those who are employed flexibly through various forms, those who meet the requirements can enjoy social insurance subsidies.

5. If the "three supports and one support" personnel who have passed the service expiration assessment choose their own jobs, the human resources and social security departments at all levels and their public employment and talent service institutions will provide free policy advice, career guidance and career introduction services; Organize to participate in vocational qualification training, vocational skill appraisal or employment probation, and give vocational training subsidies according to regulations; Focus on helping the "three supports and one support" personnel who have not been employed for a long time after the service expires.

6. The "three supports and one support" personnel who have passed the examination after the expiration of the service period will enter the state-owned enterprises and institutions, and the receiving unit will determine the salary and treatment according to the positions hired by the employees with the same conditions. The service period of the "three supports and one support" personnel who have passed the examination after the expiration of the service period shall be calculated as the length of service. In the future promotion of senior titles, priority will be given to evaluation under the same conditions.

V. Registration related matters

(1) Announcement of recruitment information

The number, targets, conditions and policy treatment of the "three supports and one support" plan for college graduates in Jiangsu Province in 2022 can be inquired through the following websites:

Portal of Provincial Department of Human Resources and Social Security (http://jshrss.jiangsu.gov.cn);

Websites of human resources and social security departments of relevant cities.

(2) Registration method

Registration is conducted online. Registration, photo uploading, qualification examination and payment confirmation are all done online. Applicants can choose to take the written test in nine test areas: Nanjing, Xuzhou, Nantong, Lianyungang, Huai ‘an, Yancheng, Yangzhou, Taizhou and Suqian.

Registration Website: "Other Examination Column" of Jiangsu Personnel Examination Network, the business subnet of the portal website of the Provincial Department of Human Resources and Social Security (http://jshrss.jiangsu.gov.cn).

(3) Registration time

Registration and photo uploading time: 9: 00 on June 16th-12: 00 on June 20th;

Preliminary qualification examination time: 9: 00 on June 16th-16: 00 on June 20th;

Payment confirmation time: 9: 00 on June 16th to 19:00 on June 20th.

Applicants can use the bank card with online payment function to confirm the payment after passing the preliminary qualification examination and photo review, and the candidates who have completed the payment confirmation will be regarded as successful registration. Those who fail to confirm the registration qualification, upload photos or pay the registration fee online on time are deemed as invalid.

(4) Matters needing attention

1. Applicants should truthfully fill in the relevant information according to the requirements and online prompts, and upload the applicant’s recent bareheaded electronic photo (two-inch [35× 45 mm] photo on the front, in jpg format, below 20Kb in size). The relevant municipal "three supports and one support" offices will conduct audit according to the information provided by the applicants. Anyone who practices fraud will be disqualified from the examination or employment once verified.

2. According to the local recruitment plan, applicants can choose the provincial cities to apply for registration; Before the deadline for registration, if the qualification examination fails, it can be reported to other provinces and municipalities; When registering, you must use the second-generation ID card within the validity period. The ID card held by candidates when taking the exam must be consistent with the ID card used when registering, otherwise they may not enter the examination room to take the exam.

3. According to relevant regulations, applicants are required to pay the 100 yuan examination fee, and the candidates who take the written examination (except those who violate the discipline) will be given an equal subsidy for the examination fee. The equal subsidy will be distributed to the card originally paid by the candidates, and the candidates are requested not to cancel the card during this period. Candidates who have not paid the fee are deemed to have failed the registration. The equal subsidy will be issued after the written examination, and it needs to go through yeepay and the bank. Candidates are requested to pay attention to their bank card status and related information in time. If you have any questions, please call yeepay Customer Service at 95070 for consultation.

4. Applicants should take the admission ticket and the original ID card to the test center to take the written test according to the specified time. Before online registration, they should carefully read the Notice of COVID-19 Epidemic Prevention and Control for College Graduates in 2022 in Jiangsu Province (see Annex 3), and continue to pay attention to the epidemic situation in COVID-19 and the latest requirements for epidemic prevention and control in the districts and cities where the written test is located, so as not to affect the normal participation in the test.

The written test is a closed test, and no papers can be handed in or withdrawn in advance during the test.

5. The written test results are published in the "Results Query" column of Jiangsu Personnel Examination Network, the business subnet of the portal website of the Provincial Department of Human Resources and Social Security (http://jshrss.jiangsu.gov.cn), and applicants can query by ID number and admission ticket number.

(5) Print the admission ticket online.

Candidates who have passed the registration qualification examination and completed the payment confirmation within the specified time, please log on to the registration website to download and print the admission ticket from 9: 00 on June 30th to 24:00 on July 2nd. Before downloading and printing the admission ticket online, you should carefully read the relevant examination regulations and epidemic prevention requirements, and downloading and printing the admission ticket for written examination will be regarded as agreeing with and signing the Commitment Letter on COVID-19 Epidemic Prevention and Control for College Graduates in Jiangsu Province in 2022 (see Annex 3). If there is any problem in printing, please contact the Provincial Personnel Testing Center at 025-83236083.

Admission ticket printing website: the same as the registration website.

VI. Examination Implementation and Employment

(1) Written examination

The written test is organized by the whole province. Written test time: 9: 00-11: 00 am on July 3. There is no exam outline for this exam.

After the written paper marking, the provincial "three supports and one support" office will delimit the qualified line for entering the interview and inspection, and then the relevant cities will determine the shortlisted candidates for the interview and inspection according to the recruitment plan from high score to low score according to the ratio of 1:3.

(2) Qualification review

Before the interview, the applicants will be re-examined for registration qualification. At the time of qualification review, applicants should provide their ID card, student ID card or graduation certificate, teacher qualification certificate, political outlook and relevant certificates of being a student cadre and winning prizes. Those who fail to pass the review will be disqualified from the interview.

(3) Interview and inspection

The interview and inspection work shall be organized and implemented by the relevant cities. The specific time will be notified separately by the municipalities, please pay attention to the personnel examination websites of the municipalities.

The ratio of written test, interview and inspection is 4:3:3, forming the comprehensive scores of candidates. The comprehensive scores are from high to low, and the candidates for physical examination are selected according to the ratio of 1:1.

(4) Physical examination and publicity

The physical examination shall be organized and implemented in accordance with the general standards for physical examination of civil servants (for Trial Implementation) and the operation manual for physical examination of civil servants (for Trial Implementation).

Those who fail to pass the physical examination or give up will be given a one-time supplement according to the comprehensive scores of the candidates who apply for the position.

The relevant cities will submit the list of candidates who have passed the medical examination to the provincial "three supports and one support" office, and the provincial "three supports and one support" office will make a seven-day publicity on the portal website of the Provincial Department of Human Resources and Social Security.

(5) Employment

After the publicity, the relevant cities will organize pre-job training and dispatch to the post, and go through the employment procedures according to the time stipulated by the province. Recruiters are required to fill in the "Approval Form for the Employment of College Graduates in Jiangsu Province", which will be included in my personnel file after being approved by the "Three Supports and One Support" offices of various cities, and submitted to the "Three Supports and One Support" office for the record.

Seven, recruitment policy consultation telephone.

Xuzhou "Three Supports and One Support" Office: 0516-85792308;

Nantong "Three Supports and One Support" Office: 0513-83558025, 0513-83558011;

Lianyungang "Three Supports and One Support" Office: 0518-85811783, 0518-85825303;

Huai ‘an "Three Supports and One Support" Office: 0517-83646465, 0517-83660110;

Yancheng "Three Supports and One Support" Office: 0515-88198704, 0515-8668704;

Yangzhou "Three Supports and One Support" Office: 0514-85825319, 0514-85822332;

Taizhou "Three Supports and One Support" Office: 0523-86606565, 0523-86886131;

Suqian "Three Supports and One Support" Office: 0527-84353007, 0527-84353009;

Provincial "three supports and one support" offices: 025-12333, 025-83338133.

Eight, recruitment examination technical advice

Provincial Personnel Testing Center: 025-83236083.

　

Attachment:　 1 "Jiangsu Province in 2022 college graduates" three supports and one support "recruitment schedule". xls

　　　　　　　　　　　　 2.2022 college graduates "three supports and one support" plan registration form and instructions for filling out the form. doc

　　　　　　 　 　　　 3. Jiangsu Province in 2022 college graduates "three supports and one support" plan to recruit written candidates COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control notice. doc

　

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　　 　　　　　　　 Jiangsu province "three supports and one support" work coordination management office

　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　　 June 15, 2022

　　CCTV News:On May 9, 10 and 11, the "International Critical Review" of the Central Radio and Television General Station was continuously published entitled "Talking about fighting may become the normal state of Sino-US economic and trade friction.》《The attempt to use the Taiwan Province issue to contain China’s adventure is bound to be a dead end.》《Tariff stick harms others and harms oneself.》《The key to solving Sino-US economic and trade frictions lies in taking care of each other’s concerns."and other four articles on Sino-US economic and trade frictions. Many overseas media and websites have been forwarded one after another.

　　From 9 to 12 May, European Times German website, British Al Araby TV (British Al Araby TV), Italian Radio We website (facebook account, twitter account), German Tagesschau 24 (German Daily News 24 TV), German-Chinese Report German website, Russian newspaper website, ORF2 Bundesland, Austria (Channel 2 of Austrian Broadcasting Corporation), Rainbow FM website in Lisbon, Portugal, Czech NovaTV Czech HD (Czech Nova TV), Czech Prima TV (Czech Prima TV), Slovak TV Markiza (Slovak Makisa TV), Turkish Economic Observation Network, Albanian National Radio and Television website, Japan’s Record China website, Japan’s Niconico website, Japan’s Oricon website, Japan’s NewsCollect website, and Korea’s OBS (Korea’s Jingren TV Station)., India’s Daily Morning News website, Iran’s instant messaging network, Iranian people’s road network, Kazakhstan’s "Industry News" website, Pakistan-China Friendship Network, Jordan Global Radio facebook account, Nepal’s Capital FM92.4 urban FM website, Myanmar opinion leader media facebook account, Brazil’s Rio headline radio station website, Brazil’s Sao Paulo World Radio Station website, Nigeria’s "Leader", Dozens of overseas media, such as Chinese PT portal, Chinese headline APP, Portuguese New Newspaper APP(facebook account, twitter account), Nordic Times website, European Union Chinese website, Africa Times website, West Africa online website, Japanese Chinese business website, Hong Kong Commercial Daily website and so on, have widely forwarded it. Hong Kong Ta Kung Pao and Wen Wei Po also published related articles.

　　The contents of "International Sharp Review: Talking about Fighting, Maybe Becoming the Normal State of Sino-US Economic and Trade Friction" are as follows:

　　The Office of the U.S. Trade Representative announced on Wednesday (8th) that it plans to raise the tariff on 200 billion U.S. dollars of goods exported from China to the United States from 10% to 25% this Friday (10th). In this regard, China responded quickly, pointing out that escalating trade friction is not in the interests of the two peoples and the people of the world. China deeply regrets this. If the US tariff measures are implemented, China will have to take necessary countermeasures.

　　Comparing the statements of China and the United States, there are two points worthy of attention:

　　First, the content of the tariff increase in the US statement is similar to the information released two days ago, but the focus is on "planning", that is, "planning". Since it is "intended" to raise tariffs, this means that the possibility of changing your mind will not be ruled out in the future.

　　Second, the Chinese side responded quickly. After about two hours, it responded briefly, but its attitude was clear and firm. The Chinese statement of more than 80 words contains three meanings: first, it points out that the negative impact of the US move is "not in the interests of the two peoples and the people of the world"; Then it shows China’s attitude: "I deeply regret"; Subsequently, the Chinese side showed that the action "will have to take necessary countermeasures", of course, this premise is "if the US tariff measures are put into practice".

　　On the eve of the eleventh round of high-level economic and trade consultations between China and the United States, the two sides issued the above statement, which is intriguing. The United States has obvious intention to pressure the asking price, while China has responded quickly and calmly, which shows that China is well prepared and reflects its consistent principled position, namely: talk, the door is open; Fight, fight to the end.

　　From this, people should see that talking about fighting and fighting while talking may have become the mode and normal state for China and the United States to solve economic and trade frictions.

　　Since February last year, Sino-US economic and trade consultations have made positive progress, but there have been many repetitions in the middle. This time, before the two sides started talking, the US suddenly announced that it would upgrade tariffs. As a spokesman for China’s Foreign Ministry said, similar situations have occurred many times before. China has long been accustomed to it, so it will naturally face it calmly. When it sees a move, it will talk about it, and if it is countered, it will be countered.

　　In fact, when announcing the tariff escalation, the US side also indicated that there is still a chance for the two sides to reach a historic agreement, and said that the two sides are preparing for the meeting between the two heads of state after the agreement is reached. Behind this seemingly contradictory move shows that China and the United States are constantly adjusting their contacts by talking about the mode and normality of solving economic and trade frictions, so as to narrow their differences and expand their consensus.

　　Against this background, it is not difficult for people to understand why the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, Vice Premier the State Council and Liu He, the Chinese leader of the China-US comprehensive economic dialogue, decided to go to the United States on invitation to attend the 11th round of China-US high-level economic and trade consultations from 9th to 10th. It’s not that China is afraid, or even forced to make concessions. It’s that China has long understood and adapted to the normal situation of settling economic and trade frictions between China and the United States, so it can grasp the general direction of the consultation process from a higher level instead of being disturbed by one thing at a time.

　　It is China’s consistent principled position to resolve contradictions and differences through negotiations. Ten rounds of high-level economic and trade consultations between China and the United States have passed, and the two sides have made substantial progress in trade procurement, structural issues, implementation mechanisms, etc. It is not easy and needs to be doubly cherished, but at the same time there are still problems that need further discussion. Therefore, at the end of the tenth round of high-level consultations, the two sides agreed to hold the eleventh round of consultations in Washington this week to continue the discussion. Although the United States has not played its cards according to common sense, which has caused great confusion to this round of consultations, China cannot be affected by this. Going to the United States for consultations as planned is China’s respect for the negotiation rules and the consensus reached by the two sides in the past 16 months.

　　Chinese pays attention to reason rather than willfulness. China and the United States have different stages of economic development, and their economic structures and systems are also very different. It is normal for the two sides to have frictions in economic and trade, and it is not surprising that various twists and turns will occur during the consultation.

　　Now, the United States says it wants to upgrade tariffs, which shows that it has become a little anxious now. Although the United States has repeatedly said that China is paying the US tariff, US lawmakers do not agree with this statement. For example, Senator James Lankford, a Republican, said that American importers have paid more than $16 billion in tariffs to the government, and American companies have paid the tariffs instead of China exporters.

　　In contrast, China has a clear understanding of the long-term, complex and arduous nature of Sino-US economic and trade issues, and will not deviate from the original track because of a temporary incident. Past experience has proved that hard suppression can’t solve the problem at all, and eventually we have to return to the negotiating table. Moreover, the more differences there are, the more it is necessary to communicate face to face. China’s planned visit to the United States for consultations is to solve each other’s concerns and push the negotiations back to a rational track.

　　More importantly, China has always been a responsible big country. The supreme leader of China and president has repeatedly stressed that the relationship between major powers is related to global strategic stability, and China and the United States share extensive common interests and shoulder important responsibilities in safeguarding world peace and stability and promoting global development and prosperity. Over the past year or so, Sino-US economic and trade frictions have not only harmed the interests of the two countries, but also dragged down global economic growth. The latest World Economic Outlook report released by the International Monetary Fund has lowered the global economic growth rate by 0.2% and 0.1% to 3.5% and 3.6% respectively this year and next.

　　Whenever there is a positive signal from Sino-US economic and trade negotiations, the stock markets of China, the United States and the world will be boosted, and whenever the negotiations are frustrated, the stock market will inevitably oscillate. This reflects that if China and the United States shake hands and make peace, the whole world will benefit; The breakdown of Sino-US negotiations is bound to drag down the world.

　　In the face of US tariff pressure, China still keeps its appointment calmly, which is not only responsible for China and the United States and their peoples, but also safeguarding the development interests of people all over the world and providing more stability and predictability for the recovery of the world economy.

　　Soon, the eleventh round of high-level economic and trade consultations between China and the United States will be held in Washington. China will, as always, do its utmost to push the consultations back to the right track with the greatest sincerity. However, negotiations are a matter for both sides, and the United States needs to move in the opposite direction in order to control differences and expand cooperation. The United States has long known the bottom line of China, that is, China is unwilling to fight a trade war, but it is not afraid to fight, and it has to fight if necessary; China is also willing to solve the differences between the two sides through cooperation, but the bottom line of cooperation is not to harm the core interests of China countries and the fundamental interests of the people.

　　Regardless of the outcome of the consultations in the next two days, China will calmly face all possibilities, continue to do a good job in China and go its own way. In the past 16 months, China’s economy, society and people’s psychology have already stood the test in the escalating tariff war of the United States, and its ability to withstand pressure has been greatly enhanced. Moreover, there are more positive signals in favor of China now. China has the confidence and ability to withstand any storm, and become more tenacious in the fight against the storm, and achieve high-quality development with greater reform and higher level of opening up, creating more opportunities for development cooperation for the world.

　　Many overseas media forwarded this article:　

"Russian newspaper" website forwarded on May 9

Japan Record China website forwarded on May 9.

Hong Kong Ta Kung Pao was published on May 10th.

Hong Kong Wen Wei Po was published on May 10th.

　

　　The International Critical Review: An attempt to use the Taiwan Province issue to contain China’s adventure is bound to be a dead end.

　　On Tuesday (7th), the US Federal House of Representatives passed the so-called "Taiwan Province Guarantee Act of 2019" and "Reaffirmation of US Taiwan and its implementation of &lsquo; Taiwan relations act &rsquo; Commitment "resolution, which is an extremely dangerous political action by the United States to use the Taiwan Province issue to rudely interfere in China’s internal affairs and curb the peaceful development of China, once again exposes the extremely bad behavior of some American forces playing politics. If the United States goes its own way, it will seriously damage Sino-US cooperation in important areas and seriously endanger peace and stability in the Taiwan Strait. In this regard, China resolutely opposes and has made solemn representations to the US.

　　On January 1, 1979, during the term of President Carter, China and the United States formally established diplomatic relations at the ambassadorial level. On the occasion of the 40th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States this year, Mr. Carter wrote an article in Washington post, warning that any misjudgment, miscalculation and non-compliance with carefully formulated rules of conduct by both sides would lead to "worldwide disaster" when the relationship between the two countries entered a sensitive moment. Politicians in the American Congress must know that any adventure that attempts to use the Taiwan Province issue to contain China will be a dead end. Because: it has made three serious mistakes:

　　One of the mistakes: completely damaged the foundation of the development of relations between China and the United States. In today’s world, exchanges between countries must abide by certain principles and norms, which is the basis for maintaining, stabilizing and upgrading bilateral relations. As the world’s two largest economies and important political forces on the international stage, the more stable and solid the foundation of bilateral relations, the more stable and predictable it will be for the world. This basis was clearly defined in the three joint communiques on the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States, that is, there is only one China in the world, the mainland and Taiwan Province belong to the same China, and People’s Republic of China (PRC) is the sole legal government of China. The U.S. House of Representatives upgraded the former "Taiwan Relations Act" to the "Taiwan Province Guarantee Act" in an attempt to promote military cooperation with Taiwan Province only for sovereign countries, which completely deviated from the one-China principle and seriously undermined the basic norms of international law and international obligations. If this foundation is lost, what can support the development of Sino-US relations? !

　　Mistake 2: Trying to test China’s bottom line by playing "Taiwan Province". Whenever there are twists and turns or difficulties in Sino-US relations, the Taiwan Province issue will always be put on the table by the United States as a bargaining chip to negotiate, coerce and contain China. This has become a common tactic of some politicians in the United States. It is understandable that the two countries sitting at the negotiating table hold some bargaining chips and strive for the maximization of interests for their respective countries. But the Taiwan Province issue has never been, and will never be, a bargaining chip in resolving Sino-US relations. Because the Taiwan Province issue is an internal affair of China, which concerns the core interests of China and the national dignity and feelings of 1.4 billion Chinese. No foreign forces can interfere in it, let alone trade it. What can be told to the United States is that there is no future in trying to test the bottom line with the Taiwan Province issue.

　　Mistake 3: It has caused turmoil in the Taiwan Strait and endangered regional peace and stability. In 2018, Democratic Progressive Party, with the concept of "Taiwan independence", suffered a crushing defeat in the "Nine in One" election in Taiwan Province, and lost momentum. Next year, the prospect of the leadership election in Taiwan Province is bleak. At this sensitive moment, the United States offered the "Taiwan Province card" in an attempt to give the "Taiwan independence" forces a lifeline. Some American politicians should carefully read Mr Carter’s article in Washington post and realize that if the Taiwan Province issue is not handled properly, it may escalate into a regional conflict and bring disaster to the world. This statement is not alarmist.

　　In April this year, the current US President Trump called Mr. Carter and asked the former president how to deal with China. It is reported that one of Carter’s suggestions is "Don’t fight". If American politicians try to break through China’s last red line on the Taiwan Province issue, including sending warships to Taiwan Province, it will be the charge for China to unify Taiwan Province.

　　The supreme leader of president, China, has repeatedly stressed that China is committed to promoting coordination and cooperation among major powers, expecting them to live in harmony without conflict, confrontation, mutual respect and win-win cooperation. As one of the most important bilateral relations in the world, Sino-US relations are moving forward along the tone of coordination, cooperation and stability, which cannot and should not be changed. Some American politicians should not underestimate Chinese’s determination on the Taiwan Province issue.

　　Many overseas media forwarded this article:

　　"Russian newspaper" website forwarded on May 9

"German-Chinese Report" was forwarded by German website on May 9.

The website of Albanian National Radio and Television Station was forwarded on May 9.

The website of China Radio Station in Rio, Brazil was forwarded on May 9.

European Union Chinese Network forwarded on May 9.

The Portuguese news APP(facebook account, twitter account) was forwarded on May 9.

　

　　The contents of "International Sharp Review: Tariff Sticks Harm Others and Harm Yourself" are as follows:

　　At 0: 01 Washington time on the 10th (12: 01 Beijing time on the 10th), the US tariff on China’s 200 billion US dollars of goods exported to the US was raised from 10% to 25%. In response, China issued a statement at 12: 03 Beijing time on the 10th, almost simultaneously announcing that it had to take necessary countermeasures.

　　The Sino-US trade war has escalated again, and this result is regrettable. The reason lies in the fact that the United States ignores China’s sincere attitude and actions, and always pursues "America first", asking exorbitant prices and exerting extreme pressure, which fundamentally violates the negotiation principles of mutual respect, equality and mutual benefit, thus leading to the escalation of friction.

　　Negotiation is a matter for both sides. China has shown its utmost sincerity and done its best with practical actions, but it also needs the US to move in the opposite direction. In fact, Sino-US economic and trade consultations have been going on for more than a year, and China has long learned from the US’s manner. The US should also be well aware of China’s principles and positions, that is, China is unwilling to fight a trade war, but it is not afraid to fight it, and it has to fight if necessary; China is willing to solve the economic and trade differences and frictions between the two sides through cooperation, but such cooperation is principled, that is, it must not harm the core interests of China countries and the fundamental interests of the people.

　　Today, people must see that when the United States has repeatedly declared that the United States and China have reached a historic agreement, it suddenly insists on escalating tariffs, which is a flagrant violation of its international obligations in the WTO, a blatant challenge to multilateral trade rules, and will further harm the interests of China and the United States and the world, and has been strongly opposed by people around the world, including the American people. Tom Donohue, president of the American Chamber of Commerce, made it clear that he did not support launching a trade war by imposing tariffs, because it was American families and American enterprises who paid tariffs, not foreigners. A lobbying organization representing more than 150 trade associations in the United States-"tariffs hurt the hinterland of the United States" also issued a statement, pointing out that raising tariffs would damage nearly 1 million jobs in the United States and punish American farmers, enterprises and consumers.

　　The United States once again raised the tariff stick in an attempt to stop the development of China, but it will not succeed. People have seen that over the past year or so, China has responded appropriately, and its economic, social and public psychological resistance has been greatly enhanced. Now there are more positive signals in favor of China in all aspects, and China will respond more calmly, with more confidence and ability to withstand the test of storms. China will create more development opportunities for the world by running its own business well and promoting high-quality economic development with greater reform and higher level of opening up.

　　Many overseas media forwarded this article:

Italian Radio We website (facebook account, twitter account) forwarded on May 10th.

　　Turkish economic observation network forwarded on May 10

　Chinese PT portal website forwarded on May 10th.

Japan Chinese Business Network forwarded on May 10th.

　　West Africa Online Network forwarded on May 10th.

　　Hong Kong Ta Kung Pao was published on May 11th.　

Hong Kong Wen Wei Po was published on May 11th.

　

　　The contents of "International Critical Review: The Key to Solving Sino-US Economic and Trade Friction is to Take Care of Each Other’s Concerns" are as follows:

　　The 11th round of China-US high-level economic and trade consultations ended in Washington on Friday (10th) local time. In an interview after the consultation, Liu He, member of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, Vice Premier the State Council and Chinese leader of the China-US comprehensive economic dialogue, said that the two sides had good communication and cooperation, and the negotiations did not break down, but on the contrary, this was just a normal minor twist in the negotiations between the two countries, which was inevitable. China was cautiously optimistic about the future of the negotiations. He also revealed that the economic and trade teams of the two sides agreed to meet in Beijing soon to continue communication and promote consultations.

　　Earlier, at 0: 01 Washington time, the United States raised the tariff on $200 billion of goods exported from China to the United States from 10% to 25%. In response, China issued a statement two minutes later, almost simultaneously announcing that necessary countermeasures had to be taken.

　　This result is not surprising. Because, since February last year, Sino-US economic and trade consultations have been held for eleven rounds. Although important progress has been made, it has been repeated several times. Talking about fighting may have become the normal state of Sino-US economic and trade friction. Before this round of negotiations, the United States said it would upgrade tariffs, which led to concerns that Sino-US negotiations would break down. Under such pressure, the Chinese delegation still went to the United States to participate in the eleventh round of consultations as scheduled, which itself showed the greatest sincerity in solving the problem and was highly responsible for the interests of the two peoples and the people of the world.

　　However, the US accused China of trying to renegotiate some contents of the agreement, trying to blame China for the unsuccessful negotiations, which was obviously unfair.

　　On the one hand, negotiation is a process of exchanging opinions, solving problems and reaching consensus. It is normal for both sides to have different views, and it is normal for them to make changes before reaching an agreement. Therefore, it is even more necessary for the two sides to further discuss to resolve their differences and expand their consensus, instead of using the differences and changes in the negotiation process as the reasons for increasing tariffs. This is obviously an overreaction, wrong prescription, wrong force and artificial obstacles to the negotiation process.

　　On the other hand, the United States accused China of "retrogression" and labeled China as "abandoning" and "breaking faith". But so far, what China has "promised" is all the words of the United States, and I am afraid there are many elements of China’s "promised". All along, the US side has been talking about whether China meets its economic and trade concerns, but has kept silent about whether it meets China’s concerns, which violates the negotiation principles of mutual respect, equality and mutual benefit, and this is also an important reason for the failure to make progress in this round of negotiations.

　　China has its own core concerns about Sino-US economic and trade consultations, and it cannot make concessions on these issues of principle. The first is to cancel all the additional tariffs and restore normal bilateral trade. Tariffs are the starting point of Sino-US trade disputes. If an agreement is reached, of course, all tariffs must be abolished. In today’s highly globalized industrial chain, increasing tariffs will inevitably have an impact on the economies of China and the United States, and will also hurt all links in the industrial chain. Over the past year or so, the negative impact of Sino-US economic and trade frictions has proved that there is no winner in the trade war, and adding tariffs is not the solution to the problem. At present, the global voice against imposing tariffs, including the American people, is getting stronger and stronger. The United States should respect China’s demands and take into account the interests of people all over the world.

　　On the issue of trade procurement, the United States has repeatedly asked China to expand imports from the United States, and even asked China to commit a specific amount. However, China’s expansion of imports should be based on meeting the needs of domestic people for a better life and promoting high-quality economic development. The figures of trade procurement should not only be in line with reality, but also be globally oriented. Any product that is competitive will be welcomed by consumers in China, instead of "buying hard and selling hard".

　　There is also the text of the agreement, which should include both American demands and Chinese claims, reflecting the balance of the agreement. Moreover, the expression of the text should be accepted by the people in China, and it will not damage the sovereignty and dignity of the country. Only such an agreement can be truly implemented.

　　As the United States insisted on increasing tariffs, China was forced to counter it, and the Sino-US trade war escalated again. This situation makes China regret, but it is also calm. Over the past year or so, under the pressure of the US tariff escalation, China’s economy has been affected to some extent, but it has been proved that the impact is completely controllable and affordable. In the first quarter of this year, China’s GDP increased by 6.4% year-on-year. In the first four months, the total value of import and export of goods increased by 4.3%, and the main indicators of economic operation such as employment, prices and income were generally better than expected. The International Monetary Fund has raised China’s economic growth forecast by 0.1% to 6.3%, and China has become the only country in the world that has raised its economic growth forecast. Warren Buffett, a famous American investor, recently said that investing in China is ideal, and "there may be some big deployment in the next 15 years".

　　This information shows that over the past year or so, China has taken appropriate measures to deal with external shocks, which has enhanced its economic resilience, market potential and confidence in investment and consumption. In this regard, Liu He confidently stated that China’s policy tools are sufficient, and China’s economy will maintain a good momentum of steady and healthy development. This means that in the future, China will respond to external challenges more calmly, promote high-quality economic development in accordance with the established deployment, and meet people’s needs for a better life.

　　It is noteworthy that although China and the United States still have differences on core concerns, they still agree to continue to maintain communication. This shows that after all kinds of twists and turns, both sides have a better understanding of each other’s bottom line and principles, and both have a strong will to continue negotiations to solve the problem. After all, economic and trade cooperation is the ballast stone and propeller of Sino-US relations, and both sides have benefited a lot from it.

　　In the future, China will continue to communicate with the United States with the utmost sincerity and efforts, strive to narrow differences, expand consensus and push forward consultations. However, this consultation should respect each other’s core interests and major concerns and embody the principle of equality and mutual benefit. Only in this way can China-US economic and trade consultations survive the final stage of the marathon and the "darkness before dawn", and then explore a mode of managing differences and expanding consensus, and promote the construction of Sino-US relations based on coordination, cooperation and stability.

　　Many overseas media forwarded this article:　

Germany Tagesschau 24 (German Daily News 24 TV) quoted on May 11th.

Austrian ORF2 Bundesland (Austrian Broadcasting Corporation Channel 2) quoted on May 11th.

Czech NovaTV Czech HD (Czech Nova TV) quoted on May 11th.

　Slovak TV Markiza (Slovak Makisa TV) quoted on May 11

British Al Araby TV (British Al Araby TV) quoted on May 12

　South Korea OBS (Korea Jingren TV Station) quoted on May 12

Prima Czech (Prima Czech TV) quoted on May 11

The website of Nordic Times was forwarded on May 11th.

Japan NewsCollect website forwarded on May 11th.

　Pakistan-China Friendship Network forwarded on May 11th.

Facebook account of Myanmar opinion leader media was forwarded on May 11th.

　Hong Kong Ta Kung Pao was published on May 12th.

Hong Kong Wen Wei Po was published on May 12th.

　　[car home News] A few days ago, a Tesla China owner asked Musk on social media, "I expect Tesla FSD (fully autonomous driving) to enter China as soon as possible. I don’t know when it will be realized. When can HW3.0 system model images in 3D? When can the new parking assist be pushed to the owner of Tesla HW3.0 in China? "In this regard, Musk replied that "it may be realized soon.".At the same time, we can see that Tesla’s website shows that Tesla has reduced the price of fully automatic driving (FSD) package from $12,000 to $8,000 in the United States.

　　Since March this year, Tesla has started to deploy its software update to promote the latest FSD V12.3 beta version, which was integrated into the software update of 2023.44.30.25. Tesla CEO elon musk bluntly said: "This is a major release, and it can be said that it should be called V13."

　　Since its first launch on October 20, 2020, FSD has only been available in Beta in North America. Tesla released new software updates through beta to verify its latest autonomous driving technology and improve performance. At present, the system can’t realize full automatic driving, and it needs the supervision of the driver.

　　Last November, it was reported that Tesla FSD Beta was about to enter China. Tesla China official website updated the owner’s manual of China with FSD Beta, which indicates that FSD will soon land in China. Taking the new Tesla Model 3 as an example, it costs 64,000 yuan to install the FSD. After the installation, it can realize the functions of recognizing and responding to traffic lights and stop signs, and automatically assisting driving in urban streets.

　　Tesla has made a lot of preparations before landing in FSD in China. In 2021, a data center was established in Shanghai. All data generated by China business, including production data, sales data, service data and charging data, are completely stored in China to meet regulatory requirements. In addition, Tesla set up an FSD operation team and a data labeling team in Shanghai, and sent engineers from this department to do training. However, Tesla China once responded to the domestic media that "it is really in progress at present". (Compile/car home Wang Yin)