The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly made an important judgment that "Socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era", and made a new summary of the changes in the main social contradictions in our country in the new era-"The main social contradictions in our country have been transformed into the contradictions between the people’s growing needs for a better life and the unbalanced development". This is our party’s new summary of the main social contradictions in Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era according to the changes of the times and national conditions. At the same time, it also emphasizes that the basic national conditions that China is still in the primary stage of socialism for a long time have not changed, and China’s international status as the largest developing country in the world has not changed. The whole party should firmly grasp the basic national conditions of the primary stage of socialism and firmly base itself on the greatest reality of the primary stage of socialism.

The Communist Party of China (CPC)’s understanding of the main social contradictions in our country is gradually deepened and continuously developed with the different historical periods and stages of social development in our country. The Party’s correct understanding and grasp of the main social contradictions in China is an important prerequisite for our Party to scientifically judge the national situation and correctly formulate major policies, and it is of great theoretical and practical significance for leading the whole Party and the people of the whole country to promote the development of China’s revolution, construction and reform.

1. The party’s understanding of the main social contradictions during the new-democratic revolution.

After the founding of the Communist Party of China (CPC), China society faced various complicated social contradictions. Since the Opium War, China began to fall into a dark situation of internal troubles and foreign invasion. The imperialist countries carved up their spheres of influence in China, and the feudal landlord class cruelly oppressed the peasants. The bourgeoisie colluded with imperialism, and at the same time, they were intertwined with the feudal landlord class to jointly oppress the working masses, and the mountains and rivers were broken, making the people miserable. In this grim situation, how to correctly understand and grasp the main social contradictions in China and formulate practical policies and measures accordingly? Guided by Marxism, the Communist Party of China (CPC) made a profound understanding and summary of China’s national conditions, especially the main social contradictions. After a long period of exploration, the Communist Party of China (CPC) people, represented by Comrade Mao Zedong, came to the conclusion: "The contradiction between imperialism and the Chinese nation, feudalism and the masses of the people are the main contradictions in modern China society." "The contradiction between imperialism and the Chinese nation is the most important contradiction among all kinds of contradictions." It was based on a correct understanding of the principal contradictions at that time that our Party scientifically formulated the line, principles and policies of the new-democratic revolution in different periods, United and led the people of the whole country through arduous and unremitting struggle, and finally overthrew the three mountains that were pressing on the people of China and won the great victory of the new-democratic revolution.

2. The Party’s understanding of the main social contradictions during the period of socialist transformation and construction.

After the founding of New China, what are the main contradictions in our society? The earliest summary of the main social contradictions in China after the founding of New China was the enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee held by the CPC Central Committee in Xibaipo from September 8 to 13, 1948, namely the "September Meeting" in the Political Bureau of the Central Committee. In an important speech delivered at this meeting, Mao Zedong pointed out: "After the bourgeois democratic revolution is completed, the main contradiction within China is the contradiction between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie, and the external contradiction is the contradiction with imperialism." Liu Shaoqi also pointed out at this meeting: "In the new democratic economy, the basic contradiction is the contradiction between capitalism (capitalists and rich peasants) and socialism. After the victory of the anti-imperialist and anti-feudal revolution, this is the main contradiction in the new society. " He particularly emphasized: "We should clearly see this contradiction. This struggle between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie is a struggle between socialism and capitalism. " This is the first time that the leaders of our party discussed the main social contradictions in China after the founding of New China.

In the early days of the founding of New China, there were many economic sectors in China. "At that time, the main contradiction in rural areas was the contradiction between feudalism and democracy, not the contradiction between capitalism and socialism, so it took two to three years to implement land reform in rural areas." "After the victory of the new-democratic revolution and the completion of the land system reform in the whole country, the main domestic contradictions have turned into contradictions between the working class and the bourgeoisie, and between the socialist road and the capitalist road." On this basis, our party has formulated the general line of "transition period", that is, to gradually realize the socialist industrialization of the country and the socialist transformation of agriculture, rival industries and capitalist industry and commerce in a fairly long period of time. This task was basically completed by the end of 1956.

With the successful completion of socialist transformation, China society has realized the transformation from a new democratic society to a socialist society. From September 15th to 27th, 1956, the Eighth National Congress of communist party was held in Beijing. The Eighth National Congress of the Communist Party of China correctly analyzed the changes of class relations and major domestic contradictions in China after the socialist transformation was basically completed, and clearly pointed out that after the socialist transformation was basically completed in China, "the major domestic contradiction is already the contradiction between the people’s demand for establishing an advanced industrial country and the reality of a backward agricultural country, and the contradiction between the people’s need for rapid economic and cultural development and the current situation that economic and cultural cannot meet the people’s needs." The essence of this contradiction is the contradiction between the advanced socialist system and the backward social production when the socialist system in China has been established. The solution to this contradiction is to develop social productive forces and implement large-scale economic construction. For the first time, the Eighth National Congress of the Communist Party of China systematically summarized the main social contradictions in China during the period of socialist construction.

On February 27th, 1957, Mao Zedong delivered an important speech on Correctly Handling Contradictions among the People at the 11th (enlarged) meeting of the Supreme State Council, which was revised and supplemented and published in People’s Daily on June 19th of that year. In this important speech, Mao Zedong systematically discussed the Marxist theory of contradiction, pointing out that the basic contradiction in socialist society is still the contradiction between productive forces and relations of production, economic base and superstructure. At the same time, there are two different kinds of social contradictions in socialist society, namely, the contradiction between ourselves and the enemy and the contradictions among the people, which are completely different in nature. The former is antagonistic in nature, so it is necessary to adopt compulsory and dictatorship methods to solve it, while the latter is non-antagonistic, so it can only be democratic and educational. Mao Zedong also proposed that correctly handling contradictions among the people should be the theme of the country’s political life. Generally speaking, our party’s understanding of the main social contradictions in this period is correct and realistic. Later, due to some "Left" tendencies in the Party, the Party’s understanding of the main social contradictions was biased. On October 9, 1957, the Third Plenary Session of the Eighth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China put forward the conclusion that "the contradiction between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie, the contradiction between the socialist road and the capitalist road" is the main contradiction in our society at present; The second meeting of the Eighth National Congress of the Communist Party of China held in May 1958 proposed that before the socialist society was built, the struggle between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie, the struggle between the socialist road and the capitalist road,It has always been the main contradiction within our country. The party’s mistakes in understanding the main contradictions in the socialist period led to a series of major policy and decision-making mistakes of our party and state.

3. The Party’s understanding of major social contradictions during the period of reform, opening up and socialist modernization.

The Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held in 1978 opened a new era of China’s reform, opening up and socialist modernization. On March 30, 1979, at the retreat of the Party’s theoretical work, Deng Xiaoping, the chief architect of reform and opening up, made an important exposition on the basic contradictions and main contradictions in socialist society. He pointed out: "The basic contradictions are still the contradictions between the relations of production and productivity, and the contradictions between the superstructure and the economic base." "As for what is the main contradiction at present, that is, the main problems or central tasks that the whole Party and the people must solve at present, because the Third Plenary Session decided to shift the focus of work to socialist modernization. Our productivity development level is very low, which is far from meeting the needs of the people and the country. This is the main contradiction in our current period, and solving this main contradiction is our central task. "

It is on the basis of the above explanation that the Resolution on Several Historical Issues of the Party since the Founding of the People’s Republic of China, adopted at the Sixth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Party on June 27th, 1981, fully affirmed the formulation of the Party’s Eighth Congress and further streamlined and refined it: "The main contradiction to be solved in China is the contradiction between the people’s growing material and cultural needs and backward social production. The focus of the work of the party and the state must shift to socialist modernization centered on economic construction, greatly develop social productive forces, and gradually improve people’s material and cultural life on this basis. " This generalization has become an important basis for the party to formulate various lines, principles and policies in the process of reform, opening up and socialist modernization.

4. Socialism with Chinese characteristics entered a new era, the party’s understanding of the main social contradictions.

After long-term efforts, Socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era, which is a new historical orientation for China’s development. Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s entry into a new era indicates that the principal contradiction in our society has also undergone new changes. The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China made a new summary of the main social contradictions in China in the new era of Socialism with Chinese characteristics. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out in the report of the 19th National Congress: "Socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era, and the main contradiction in our society has been transformed into the contradiction between the people’s growing need for a better life and the unbalanced development." The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China also summarized the reasons for the changes in the main social contradictions in our country: China has stably solved the problem of food and clothing for more than one billion people, achieved a well-off society on the whole, and will soon build a well-off society in an all-round way. People’s needs for a better life are increasingly extensive, which not only puts forward higher requirements for material and cultural life, but also demands for democracy, rule of law, fairness, justice, security and environment are increasing day by day. At the same time, the level of China’s social productive forces has improved significantly on the whole, and the social productive capacity has entered the forefront of the world in many aspects. The more prominent problem is the insufficient development imbalance, which has become the main constraint to meet the people’s growing needs for a better life.

The major social contradiction change in our country is a historic change related to the overall situation of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s construction. This change requires us to focus on solving the problem of unbalanced and insufficient development on the basis of continuing to promote development and better meet the people’s growing needs in economy, politics, culture, society and ecology. Of course, at the same time, we must also see that the changes in the main contradictions in our society have not changed our judgment on the historical stage of socialism in China, the basic national conditions that China is still in the primary stage of socialism and its international status as the largest developing country in the world has not changed.

In a word, the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s understanding of the principal social contradictions in our country keeps pace with the times with the development of the times and the specific changes of China’s national conditions. The process of deepening the Party’s understanding of the principal social contradictions in our country marks that our Party’s understanding of the laws governing the development of human society and socialist construction has reached a new level, which is the new development of Marxist theory of contradictions and the new development of Marxism in China.

(Author: Han Zhenfeng, Dean of the School of Marxism of Beijing Jiaotong University, and researcher of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought Research Center of Beijing Supreme Leader in New Era; This article is the result of the special task of the Ministry of Education to study and explain the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China)

　　On April 20 and 21, this newspaper reported the sudden increase in the sale of foreign license plates in the suburbs. The Beijing Youth Daily reporter found through interviews that the "Beijing Traffic Police" APP was launched at the end of May last year, and the Beijing Pass can be processed online. This original intention is to facilitate the people, but it has become a gimmick for many 4S shops to handle foreign license plates and sell cars at high prices. "The Beijing Pass is directly handled online, and there are no restrictions on foreign licenses except during peak hours and some main roads." Some auto 4S shop salespeople admit that since they went to Beijing Securities Network last year, there have been many local people who can’t shake the number to run Hebei licenses and other foreign licenses. Some 4S stores even promised to help get foreign licenses, and the agency price ranged from thousands to tens of thousands.

　　There are fewer obstacles to the long-term use of foreign licenses by the network office in Beijing

　　In the previous interview, the reporter of Beiqing Daily learned that there were a lot of local car owners who bought vehicles with foreign licenses in recent years. Among them, the Beijing Pass can be processed online from May last year, so that some locals who can’t shake the Beijing number plate will settle for the second best and start to consider buying foreign number plates.

　　Ms. Shi, a local who opened a license in Hebei, told the reporter of Beiqing Daily that in the past, when driving a foreign license car, she had to go to the checkpoint at the junction of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei to apply for a Beijing permit. Later, the validity period of the Beijing permit became 7 days. If the tail number was restricted, it was even necessary to take a bus to apply for a Beijing permit. If the permanent residents in Beijing drive foreign cars for a long time, the maneuverability is getting smaller and smaller.

　　However, since May 26 last year, the "Beijing Traffic Police" mobile APP has been put into trial operation, and the Beijing Pass can be handled directly on the APP. According to reports, more than 300,000 users downloaded it on the day of launch, and successfully handled 17,800 Beijing-based certificates, and handled 250,000 only one week after launch.

　　This original intention is to facilitate the people, and also let Ms. Shi, who has been unable to shake the number for a long time, see the feasibility of using the foreign number plate for a long time in Beijing. "It is really convenient to apply for the Beijing Pass now. You can click on it directly with your mobile phone." Ms. Shi told the reporter of Beiqing Daily that her current Hebei license car, as long as it is not in the morning and evening rush hours, does not go to Chang ‘an Street and the Second Ring Road, and it is used as a car in Beijing at ordinary times, and there is no obstacle at all.

　　4S stores seize business opportunities to encourage local people to buy foreign licenses.

　　The convenience of online access to Beijing permits also allows some 4S stores to see business opportunities. Some 4S shops even use this as a gimmick to help and even encourage local people to buy vehicles with foreign number plates.

　　Last year, the "Beijing Pass" can be handled and operated through the APP, which is much more convenient than before. As a result, it is more convenient for car owners with foreign licenses to drive in Beijing. A staff member of a domestic brand store said that since he entered the Beijing Securities Network Office last year, there have indeed been more car owners who have applied for Hebei licenses and other foreign licenses. He just helped a customer to apply for a Hebei license these days. "There are a lot of Hebei licenses running on Beijing Road now, and it is also very convenient to enter Beijing. It is also convenient to drive by yourself, but there are some restrictions during the peak period." He will also advise customers who need it to do it as soon as possible if they want to do it, because with the coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, next to Beijing, "the license plate is so valuable, it will definitely not always be open to buy it. It is possible that relevant policies will be issued, and it will be difficult to get up at that time. Now many customers in Hebei are also rushing to buy a car, because if the policy is really out, the existing license will appreciate. "

　　During the interview, a staff member of a German brand 4S shop also told the reporter of Beiqing Daily that it would take about ten days to help run the Langfang license for 11,000 yuan, which can be delivered together with the new car. "Last year as long as three or five thousand can do a good job. Nowadays, many people have gone to buy foreign licenses. Recently, the management has been stricter, especially in the surrounding areas of Beijing, especially those with Beijing hukou. It may become more and more difficult to apply for foreign licenses in the future. "

　　A salesperson can get a foreign number plate for a week by acting as a residence permit.

　　The staff of a 4S shop of a domestic brand said that if you want to get a Langfang license, you need to hold a local residence permit before you can get it. If citizens work and live in Beijing, it is naturally difficult to hold a Langfang residence permit, so it is not difficult to handle it. They can help to get a foreign license. After I pick up the car, they are responsible for completing the whole process, including applying for a residence permit. After completion, they will inform me to drive to the place where I want to get a license, check the car and get a license. It takes about a week from picking up the car to completing it. In terms of licenses, licenses in Shandong and Inner Mongolia were relatively easy to handle in the past, but now I don’t know if they can be handled. Now there are more licenses for Hebei, which may be close to Beijing, so it is more convenient to handle. In terms of price, for example, he said that it costs 5,000 yuan to run a license in Shijiazhuang and 8,000 yuan to run a license in Baoding. He concluded that "the closer to Beijing, the more difficult it is, so it is more expensive". In terms of price, the staff of another 4S shop also revealed that most of the car owners who used to apply for foreign licenses bought models of 200,000 yuan or more. "It is thousands of dollars to get a license. If you buy a car with tens of thousands of yuan, it doesn’t feel very cost-effective."

　　focal point

　　The net office has not seen the threshold for entering Beijing. The reporter runs four cars a day.

　　According to the regulations, when applying for the Beijing Pass through the APP, the foreign passenger car applicant only needs to fill in the driver, the vehicle entering Beijing and related information, and upload photos of relevant documents. After the background audit of the system is completed, the applicant will be informed of the audit results in the form of APP message. Drivers can apply online one to four days in advance, and after successful application, they will get an electronic entry permit with a QR code.

　　The reporter of Beiqing Daily tried to use the "Beijing Traffic Police" APP to apply for a private car with a Zhejiang license. After downloading the APP in the app store, the reporter completed the account registration with his mobile phone number. Then, click "Apply for Beijing Pass" at the top left of the main page to enter the processing page. Click "Add Vehicle", select the vehicle type of the vehicle, fill in the vehicle number plate and engine number, and complete the filing of the basic information of the vehicle. Then click the "Apply" button, enter the brand model and registration date of the vehicle, upload the vehicle driving license, the front photo of the vehicle, the driver’s driving license and the front photo of my ID card, and finally select the time to enter Beijing, the districts and counties in Beijing and the expressway, and then click Submit.

　　As the first use is still relatively unfamiliar, the reporter spent about 20 minutes when applying for the first time. Subsequently, the reporter tested two vehicles with Guangdong license plates and one with Fujian license plates respectively. After proficiency, the application process of each vehicle was within five minutes, and it was necessary to wait for review after submitting the application. The above four vehicles with foreign license plates have never had a permit to enter Beijing, and there is no record of entering Beijing.

　　The reporter of Beiqing Daily found that the approval time of four vehicles was different. The fastest one successfully obtained the certificate in less than 2 hours after the application, and the longest one only took about 7 hours. All the above vehicles successfully obtained the Beijing Pass on the day of application. The electronic version of the Beijing Pass is directly saved on the reporter’s mobile APP, and its effect is the same as that of the entity’s Beijing Pass. The electronic Beijing Pass also provides a special link for printing, which can print a paper version of the Beijing Pass, but it is not mandatory. If the road police come to ask, they can directly show the electronic version of the Beijing Pass.

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　　There are fewer and fewer people who apply for Beijing Pass at checkpoints.

　　Compared with the situation that there was a long queue to run the Beijing Pass, the window acceptance of the checkpoint at the intersection of Beijing has been diverted by the network to run the Beijing Pass.

　　At 1 pm on April 20, the reporter of Beiqing Daily came to the Dawangwu checkpoint in Pinggu, and several large trucks were passing. In a room under construction on the edge, a middle-aged man was at the counter to apply for a permit to enter Beijing. In less than a minute, he successfully got a permit to enter Beijing with a seven-day pass next week. "It’s very simple. Just take your driver’s license, driving book, ID card, and the insurance label and environmental protection label of the car." As described by the middle-aged driver who drives a car with Hebei license plate, it is easy to apply for a Beijing permit on the spot.

　　At noon, after accepting this entry permit, the staff prepared for a nap in the chair. In the next 20 minutes, no one came here to apply for a Beijing permit. "Now you can do it on your mobile phone. It’s very convenient for you to scan the QR code on the poster posted here and press it." The poster pointed by the staff member is printed with the description of the "Beijing Traffic Police" APP.

　　According to some insiders, it can be seen that online handling of the Beijing Pass is a policy of benefiting the people, eliminating the trouble of long queues of vehicles from other places. However, it does make local people find a shortcut to use foreign cars for a long time, and the profit-oriented 4S shop has taken advantage of it, which is not conducive to Beijing’s general trend of controlling the number and intensity of motor vehicles.

　　This group/reporter Jiang Ruojing Li Zewei Lin Yan

　　Test drive "Red Flag is back." In the past 20 years, I have heard similar news more than once, but every time before, the results were comparable to those of the national football team: the people of the whole country were expected for half a day, and the results were all disappointing. This time, the red flag is back. Is it a repeat of the same mistakes or a change for innovation? All this depends on taking out decent products to speak.

　　Because the results of Hongqi brand’s previous "comeback" are hardly satisfactory, the H7 comeback even attracted a lot of skeptical eyes, but I am a person who doesn’t like to talk about things with "inherent experience", because change will always exist, just that some people become more and some people become less. If Hongqi’s new car can let us look at it with a new eye, it is necessary to give it a chance to prove its strength. Can Red Flag H7, which has just been listed, undertake this great task? Let’s find out through the test drive in Hangzhou before this listing.

　　The Red Flag H7 Media Test Drive held in Hangzhou actually preceded the listing conference, but it was not possible to meet with you until today under the restriction of confidentiality agreement. Although the test drive report came a little late, the advantage is that I can have more time to figure out the various characteristics of this car and measure its value more pertinently according to the pricing.

　　The price of the red flag H7 for ordinary consumers jumped from 299,800 yuan. I must say that this price is not expensive! Because this is the cheapest domestic medium and large car you can buy. Imagine that you can buy a medium-sized and large-sized car with the model level and size equivalent to A6L and the configuration level reaching A6L middle and high level (the asking price of the Audi A6L with the same configuration is at least 450,000 yuan) with the money of buying a low-priced Audi A4L, which is very cost-effective in any case.

　　In the past, Hongqi failed many times in the process of marketization. On the one hand, it lacked competitive products (waistcoats built by obsolete Audi and Lincoln), and on the other hand, its positioning price was out of touch with the market (Hongqi is more expensive than the prototype). This time, the marketing strategy of Hongqi H7 is quite rational. The 2.0T offers three models, which is believed to be the main sales model. The price of 300,000-400,000 is also the most mainstream and most popular price range of this kind of car. The significance of the 3.0L model is to upgrade the brand grade. There is little difference between the 2.0T and 3.0L models in terms of configuration. Which one is more cost-effective? Please click to view the "Red Flag H7 Car Purchase Guide".

　　The biggest question: Is H7 the red flag of "China people"?

　　I believe this is the most eager answer for all China people who are concerned about the red flag brand. As for the origin of the red flag of the "national car", it is mainly because there was a similar "criminal record" in the history of the red flag, so when the brand-new red flag H7 was born, it is inevitable that there will be doubts in this respect. There are even rumors that H7 is the "vest" version of the new Crown, or that the 2.0T engine comes from the 2.0TFSI of Audi A6L, etc … Is this true?

　　With these questions, I specially found Dr. Li, who was in charge of the research and development of Hongqi H7 project, at the test drive meeting of Hongqi H7. Dr. Li told me with certainty that Hongqi H7 was the first model developed by FAW Car in full accordance with the forward direction, and every step was done in accordance with the development procedures of international mainstream automobile manufacturers from project establishment, design finalization, prototype trial production, prototype testing, factory trial production to official production. The saying that "the V6 engine comes from Crown and the 2.0T engine comes from Audi" is completely wrong, and the engine of Hongqi H7 was built from scratch.

　　In fact, if you do a little careful research, you will find that the cylinder diameter, stroke and compression ratio of the 2.5L and 3.0L engines carried by Hongqi H7 are completely different from those of Toyota V6 engine. In addition, the angle between the two cylinders of Hongqi V6 engine is 90, while the angle between the two cylinders of Toyota Crown V6 engine is 60, which shows that the two engines are not even the same in infrastructure. To put it bluntly, they are two completely different engines without any blood relationship. So the myth that "H7 uses Crown Engine" can be terminated here.

　　Dr. Li introduced the story behind Hongqi H7 engine. In fact, 2.0T and 3.0L V6 engines, as well as the 2.5L V6 engine specially designed for government procurement, all came from the same technical platform. As early as the establishment of Hongqi H7 project, FAW decided to build a complete engine technology platform, which started with a single-cylinder experimental machine with a displacement of 0.5L. This single-cylinder experimental machine is used to verify its combustion characteristics, and after all aspects of performance are verified, the finished engines with different cylinder numbers and displacements are derived from this single-cylinder engine as the technical platform.

　　At the Beijing Auto Show in 2012, FAW Car has demonstrated its self-developed engine, which is derived according to the displacement of a single cylinder of 0.5L The 4-cylinder engine is 2.0T assembled on Hongqi H7 today, while the V6 engine is 3.0L. The 2.5L engine specially made for government procurement was obtained by changing the cylinder stroke on the basis of 3.0L. In addition, Dr. Li also said that this engine platform can also make many derivative models such as V8 and V12, but not all models have been put into mass production. At present, Hongqi H7 is equipped with the first products of this series of engines.

　　I was lucky enough to get a 2.0T model for this test drive. I believe this car has the most reference significance for consumers who plan to buy Hongqi H7. After all, the price is relatively cheap. First of all, its engine, the 2.0L four-cylinder engine, was introduced clearly just now, and it is a real "China Heart". It is matched with the TD04 turbocharger produced by Shanghai Lingzhong (Audi’s 2.0T uses Bogwarner’s K03 turbocharger, which is completely different). Shanghai Lingzhong’s technology and manufacturing process come from Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, which itself is a world-renowned turbocharger manufacturer, and TD04 is also a tested and mature product, so consumers can rest assured in this respect.

　　From the technical standards and parameters of the engine, this all-aluminum engine adopts multi-point electronically controlled gasoline injection and supercharged intercooling technology, and adopts a two-stage and three-layer silent chain drive timing system, which makes the engine have higher performance of suppressing noise and vibration. Although this 2.0T engine does not have the current popular gasoline direct injection technology (according to the engineer, it has been reserved in the design and can be upgraded at any time according to the market demand), its power parameters will not appear backward at all, and its book parameters can completely reach the level of similar engines of international manufacturers.

　　The transmission is purchased from Aisin Company’s 6-speed automatic manual transmission with sport mode. At present, the specification of 6AT can only be regarded as the most basic standard in medium and large-sized cars. After all, 7AT and 8AT are quite popular, and even 9AT is ready to move. However, there is no need to be too demanding in this respect, because it is a large-sized car that is biased towards government and business purposes, and it is enough to meet daily commuting with 6AT. As for performance, we should first consider its more affordable price than joint venture cars.

　　Let’s talk about the chassis and platform of H7 again. Because of the "criminal record" of Hongqi HQ3 and Shengshi, the question of whether H7 will use the new Crown platform will naturally come. In this respect, the manufacturer’s staff said that FAW had made reference to other joint venture models in the group when developing the chassis of Hongqi H7. For example, the suspension structure really looks like a crown. After all, H7 is the first time that FAW Car is being built in the way of forward research and development, so the process of reference and learning is still essential. As for how many ingredients belong to learning and how many ingredients are developed by myself, I didn’t get the exact answer, but it doesn’t matter, we don’t have to worry too much about the lineage, whether it is a good car or not, we can only see the real chapter when we drive to the road.

　　In addition, there is good news. The technical reference of Hongqi H7 to Crown, Audi and other models is not completely accepted, because the engine architecture of Hongqi H7 is different from that of the reference model, and the parameters such as wheelbase and tread of Hongqi H7 are completely different from that of the control model. Dr. Li told us that only 5% of all the parts of Hongqi H7 are the same as the models of joint venture brands, and these 5% parts also include standardized parts in automobile manufacturing (such as bolts of general specifications of various manufacturers), so the proportion of independent procurement and manufacturing is very high.

　　As Dr. Li said, the proportion of parts manufactured by Hongqi H7 is very high, so how can we control the cost if we lose the cost advantage of sharing parts with joint venture partners within the group? This really took a lot of effort, so it is natural to pay more attention to the selection of suppliers. In addition, the annual output target planning of Hongqi H7 has reached 30,000 units, so that the cost can be shared through scale. From this set output, we can see that Hongqi H7 is not just satisfied with the thousands of government-purchased cars. The root of its survival is to really go to the market and get a slice of the purchase of individuals and enterprises. Then, in front of Audi A6L, how can it persuade us to buy a domestic car?

　　　 Therefore, Song Jia’s styles in the film were designed by the director Jianqi Huo himself. "Many people may suddenly realize that the style of the Republic of China can still be dressed like this after watching Xiao Hong. In fact, Xiao Hong is the fashion pioneer of the Republic of China. As a well-known Shanghai writer, she is the trend leader. Even now, her dress is still very popular. Whether it is a young literary woman or a white-collar woman in the workplace, Xiao Hong’s single items can be used. " Some netizens who have seen the stills in advance laughed and said: "It is estimated that the same paragraph will be popular in Taobao!"
　
　　　 Song Jia bluntly said, "Xiao Hong" is the most exquisite costume collocation he has ever encountered since filming. "The director is very demanding. He hopes that every detail can reflect Xiao Hong’s feelings. We have been choosing clothes, and we must be beautiful enough and literary. We must reproduce Xiao Hong in the original way. Xiao Hong’s literature and art in his heart are colored." The hard work of the director and the staff was not in vain. "Xiao Hong has been wandering from place to place all her life, suffering from poverty and illness. No matter how poor and hungry she is, she will let herself go out gracefully.The biggest feeling of 18 models for me is that they can guide me to enter the state of Xiao Hong quickly. "

Next page: Song Jia: Xiao Hong is the real literary young woman.

On April 30th, Ma Jiangming took off his protective clothing and rested in the safe passage of a shopping mall in Pudong New Area. Zhongqingbao Zhongqingwang reporter Yan Xueqing/photo

According to the WeChat news of Freezing Point Weekly, on April 28th, 17 "Epidemic Prevention Dabai" in Shanghai were forced to leave Dejinyuan Community in Pudong New Area after receiving wages and subsidies that had been owed for nearly one month. That night, the rain cooled in Shanghai, and they slept under a bridge in a nearby park.

"Epidemic Prevention" is their standard title on the local official attendance sheet. For more than a month, they didn’t know how to define their identity. Nominally, they are called "volunteers" by residents and residents’ committee staff. In fact, they are "migrant workers" in the prevention and control of COVID-19 epidemic in Shanghai, and they are recruited as "epidemic prevention security guards" through security companies and intermediaries.

A number of security guards reported to the reporter of China Youth Daily and China Youth Network that they had encountered problems such as "deceptive recruitment", loss of team leader, and arrears of salary subsidies.

be cheated

More than 10 interviewed players thought they were cheated to Dejinyuan Community.

Zhang lei used to work in Baoshan District, Shanghai. After the outbreak of the epidemic, the factory stopped working. He saw an intermediary named "Yang" posting job information in the recruitment group.

The recruitment information requires that there must be a nucleic acid certificate within 48 hours, and the site management arrangement must be obeyed, so that the community can be unsealed. The conditions are: 250 yuan/day, 12-hour accommodation, and salary settlement. The work address only says "Community near Beicai Town, Pudong New Area".

Zhang lei said that the working hours promised by the intermediary at that time were 3 to 15 days.

Similar recruitment information appeared in large numbers after the outbreak. The reporter saw in a number of Shanghai recruitment groups and odd jobs that in late April, the recruitment information was still maintained at dozens of posts every day, mostly involving epidemic situations: epidemic prevention and security, cleaning, killing team members, volunteers for epidemic control, group buying WeChat group business promoters, and secret transfer security guards.

The so-called "inner perimeter" refers to working in the sealed control area. Zhang lei called specifically to ask whether there were positive infected people in the work area. The other party said that "there is no positive, only secret connection" and asked him for his name and mobile phone number to complete the registration.

Zhang lei bluntly said that he cares about whether there are positive people because they can’t stand the lost working hours after isolation.

"We are migrant workers, and we really came out to work during the epidemic to make money." Zhang lei said that they work in the factory, and the nature of their work is odd jobs. They rarely sign full-time contracts, and they are basically converted into "hourly jobs" through labor agencies, which means that once they stop working, they have no income.

"But the mortgage in our hometown has not stopped, and the elderly and children are waiting to raise, and there are many expenses." Zhang lei said that they can’t be idle.

Ma Jiangming is also concerned about whether there are positive infected people in the workplace when applying for the job. In February of this year, he just came to Shanghai from other places to work, and he heard that Beicai had rushed over to recruit workers.

On March 22nd, Zhang lei and other five people arrived at their residence-Chen Qiao Neighborhood Committee of Beicai Town in Dejinyuan Community. At this time, they learned that Dejinyuan had positive infections in mid-March, and some of them had not yet been transported.

At this point, they can’t actually leave, either wear protective clothing to work or stay in the closed control area. "There must be a door to go out of the community, even if it is out of the community, how to leave Pudong is also a problem."

After the intermediary sent them to the door of the community, they disappeared and the group chat was dissolved. Until now, Zhang lei didn’t know the real name of "Yang", only remembered that the other party was a "young man" and a mobile phone number belonging to Shanghai.

By the end of March, a total of 22 people had stayed in Dejinyuan Community, becoming "the white of internal insurance and epidemic prevention". They live in an activity room on the second floor of Chen Qiao residents’ committee. There is only one spring bed, and the other 21 people play on the floor.

The residence of Dejinyuan "Epidemic Prevention Dabai" in Chen Qiao Neighborhood Committee. Photo courtesy of respondents

Their task in Dejinyuan is to maintain the order of the positive building and nucleic acid detection in the community, dissuade residents who try to get out of the building, and send safeguard materials to the door of the positive infected person.

In the first two weeks, they have to deal with the diverse needs of residents in the community. In the eyes of residents, they are not ordinary migrant workers. "Those of us who wear protective clothing are the nearest epidemic prevention workers".

"At that time, the residents of the community were also very difficult. In addition to making money, everyone wanted to help the trapped residents do something." Team member Zhang Changshun told reporters that he was one of the first people who came to support the community on March 18th. He used to be a security guard in a nearby community and was temporarily transferred to Dejinyuan.

go missing

The salary first went wrong in early April.

The salary of more than 200 yuan for 12 hours is not high in Shanghai. Zhang Changshun said that his original security salary was more than 200 yuan a day, but it was higher than usual to be able to work "even shifts" during the epidemic.

"Working overtime" means going to work day and night. For example, the reporter saw that a recruitment information directly stated that "working overtime" was allowed, 12 hours /200 yuan, 24 hours/400 yuan and 48 hours/800 yuan.

Zhang Changshun, Ma Jiangming and others just arrived, which is called "Lian Ban". Stay on duty for 12 hours in front of the building, with a daily salary of 240-260 yuan; 24 hours on the job, double it. In the early days, two people were in charge of a building, and they could take turns to rest when they were not busy at night.

The form of "continuous shift" lasted for about a week and was cancelled. It was changed to 12 hours a day and 6 hours overtime.

On April 5th in Dejinyuan, the column of overtime hours was changed from 12 hours to 6 hours. The daily attendance sheet is stamped with the official seal of Chen Qiao Resident Committee of Beicai Town, Pudong New Area.

Attendance sheet for epidemic prevention in Dejinyuan, Yishen Security, Shanghai. Photo courtesy of respondents

"This is equivalent to reducing salary in disguise." Zhang lei said that with the outbreak of the epidemic, the number of positive buildings in the community increased. In the later period, there were 14 buildings with positive infections, and there were insufficient manpower. One person looked at two buildings. "The treatment has declined and the workload has increased."

The intermediary promised to pay wages within 15 days. Originally, their attendance and wages were the responsibility of the team leader Chen Yiwei. After Chen Yiwei delayed the issuance many times, on April 26, he suddenly lost contact.

After the news came out, some residents of Dejinyuan were worried.

As the epidemic prevention security guards went to defend their rights, the building was unattended. A resident saw his neighbor living in the closed building go out of his house, worried that the epidemic prevention achievements would be "destroyed once and there was no hope of unsealing", and called on everyone to contribute to solving the wage arrears problem of "epidemic prevention" in the community WeChat group.

"Chen Yiwei’s running must have been thought out early and premeditated." Zhang Changshun said that on April 19th, Chen Yiwei borrowed 1000 yuan money from him, saying that he needed money.

Chen Yiwei is the "biggest spender" in the team. His money is mainly used for "dumping materials" in Dejinyuan.

A number of team members said that Chen Yiwei got milk, coke, sprite, cigarettes, alcohol and other materials, and then sold them to residents and team members at high prices. This kind of materials once belonged to "rare goods" in the closed control area.

Many residents who bought materials from Chen Yiwei kept transfer records. Some residents told reporters that a bottle of alcohol with a market price of more than 40 yuan would cost more than 200 yuan from Chen Yiwei. A daily price of 110 yuan cigarettes, from Chen Yiwei’s hand to increase the price of 100 yuan.

On April 24th, the number of times that Chen Yiwei borrowed money reached a peak, and he kept borrowing money from the team members and some residents of Dejinyuan Community. According to incomplete statistics, nearly 10 players borrowed more than 9000 yuan from Chen Yiwei. The number of loans borrowed by residents is unknown.

Chen Yiwei once borrowed a battery car from Wei, a resident of the community. A team member said that he saw Chen Yiwei "running away by bike". At the same time, Chen Yiwei took away 21 players with a total living expenses of 21,000 yuan.

Since April 26, the team members have repeatedly called Chen Yiwei’s mobile phone number and WeChat, but they can’t get through. Before the press release, the reporter dialed Chen Yiwei’s mobile phone number, and the other party showed that it was turned off.

ask for help

After learning about it, some residents of Dejinyuan also spontaneously called and posted online posts for help and rights protection.

On April 27th, Zhang lei was called to the door by three strangers, who told him to stop making trouble.

Zhang lei and other team members called 12345, 12333, 12348 and other hotlines to report and reported to the police.

After the intervention of Beicai Town Government, two staff members who claimed to be Shanghai Yishen Security Company came to negotiate with them to pay the arrears of wages. One is called Dang Man Min, and the other is Zhuo.

Party Manchu paid 21 epidemic prevention security guards the salary and overtime allowance before April 26th, calculated as 18 hours per day, and asked them to remain on duty.

The players were divided into several groups and received wages and subsidies from the party and the people. Photo courtesy of respondents

They are worried about future problems and hope to sign a written employment agreement. On the evening of April 28th, a new captain came to the community, saying that new personnel would join in and asked the original epidemic prevention security guards to make room. In the end, 17 members including Ma Jiangming left Dejinyuan Community in the rain.

On May 1st, a person in charge of the Chen Qiao neighborhood committee in Beicai Town told the reporter of Zhongqingbao. com that the problems reflected by the "Great White Epidemic Prevention" had been solved, and 17 people left for "transferring posts" and "changing to other communities".

He said that it is not clear whether these "big whites" come from intermediary companies or security companies. "They are all operated from above and have nothing to do with the Jucun Committee." They are only responsible for the reception of personnel after they come in. "Other things don’t matter."

The relevant departments of Shanghai told the reporter of Zhongqing Daily and Zhongqing.com that Pudong New Area has been involved in handling this matter. The reporter asked the relevant departments of Pudong New Area, Beicai Town and Shanghai Yishen Security Company about the situation. As of press time, no response was received.

Zhang lei and others denied "post adjustment".

They can’t rest under the bridge in the park any longer. On April 29, the city management unit inspected. "I heard that someone reported us." Ma Jiang said.

Four of them found a hotel, "beds, 40 to 50 yuan per person a day". The rest are going to stay under the bridge for two days.

Ma Jiang said that it has been raining for many days in Shanghai, and it is difficult to find places where no one lives, such as bridge opening, corridors and underground garages, and so on, until you find a job.

On the evening of 29th, Zhang lei told the reporter a "good news"-he and three workmates "came out of Pudong New Area". They found a taxi with a pass through the introduction of friends with channels. From Beicai Town to Baoshan District, the whole journey is about 38 kilometers, and each person is in 300 yuan. Four people paid the driver a total of 1200 yuan.

Ma Jiangming found a new job through an intermediary. "I still do epidemic prevention and help doctors who do nucleic acid testing’ label’. "He repeatedly confirmed the information to the intermediary, and the intermediary made a guarantee," 400 yuan can have a normal rest one day and at night ".

They walked 3 kilometers to the work place and found that there was no doctor there, only an isolation point under construction. "Let’s build a shed and be cheated again."

That night, they found an underground garage in a shopping mall and planned to spend the night there. When they went inside, they found that it was occupied. There is no one on the second and third floors of the safe passage, where they make a floor and temporarily settle down.

(At the request of the respondents, Zhang lei, Ma Jiangming and Zhang Changshun are all pseudonyms.)

Original title: 17 epidemic prevention security guards in Shanghai were cheated, and now they spend the night under the bridge and in the corridor.

[Disclaimer] Manuscripts not marked with "Source: Upstream News" or "Upstream News LOGO, Watermark Text, Pictures, Audio and Video" on the upstream news client are all reposted. If the reposted manuscript involves copyright issues, pleaseContact upstream.

　　Recently, the regulation of the property market in hot cities has been tightened, and real estate financing has also been strongly regulated. A number of bankers said that in the second half of the year, they will strictly and prudently manage loans in the real estate sector and control development loans and mortgage loans in accordance with the requirements of the regulatory authorities. In the future, there is little room for further improvement in the proportion of real estate in financial resources. At the same time, the credit policy will be adjusted and optimized around the regulatory requirements, and the support for the real economy will be increased.

　　Some areas raised mortgage interest rates.

　　According to the monitoring data of Rong 360 Big Data Research Institute, from the end of July to the beginning of August, the mortgage interest rates in Suzhou, Hangzhou, Dalian and Ningbo all increased.

　　Li Wanbin, an analyst at Rong 360 Big Data Research Institute, said that the increase in mortgage interest rates was due to overheating of the property market in some cities, and local governments adjusted by raising mortgage interest rates. In addition, the bank’s credit funds in the second half of the year are often not as abundant as those in the first half of the year, and the mortgage amount is also relatively tight. Under this circumstance, the bank will also choose to raise the mortgage interest rate.

　　"It is expected that more regions will raise the mortgage interest rate, and the amount will be relatively tight, but it does not rule out that some banks in some regions will lower the mortgage interest rate from the bank’s own funds and business strategies." Li Wanbin said.

　　According to the statistics of the Central Plains Real Estate Research Center, at present, the mortgage interest rates in various places are basically stable, with few obvious fluctuations, and most banks are still lending normally. Judging from the major first-and second-tier cities in China, the current interest rate level fluctuates slightly compared with the second quarter, but most cities still maintain the lowest interest rate in the past two years.

　　Wang Yifeng, chief analyst of Everbright Securities Banking, said that housing mortgage loans have grown rapidly since this year. Under the background of stable housing prices, stable expectations and city-specific policies, real estate policies in various cities have maintained pressure, and mortgage interest rates have diverged to some extent. Judging from the current situation, the demand for housing mortgage loans is relatively stable.

　　Real estate credit policy will be tightened.

　　Recently, the central bank named real estate finance twice, emphasizing maintaining the continuity and stability of real estate financial policies and continuously strengthening the control of funds in the real estate market. A number of insiders told china securities journal that loans in the real estate sector will be managed strictly and prudently in the second half of the year according to the requirements of the regulatory authorities.

　　The president of Suzhou Branch of a big bank said that in the first half of the year, the bank’s investment in real estate accounted for less than 30% of the total investment, and development loans and mortgage loans will be more strictly controlled in the second half of the year.

　　According to the vice president of Wuhan Branch of a joint-stock bank, the real estate credit of the bank did not exceed 40% in the first half of the year. "Every year, our bank’s asset structure layout of the industry is orderly. In the second half of the year, the whole bank will implement total amount control and preferential selection to support rigid demand. In general, banks’ control over real estate credit will become more and more strict. "

　　"Our real estate loans are very few, and now under the requirements of policy regulation, we will not take the initiative to market." The president of a stock bank in Changzhou, Jiangsu Province said that the mortgage interest rates of the first and second suites of the bank are 10% and 15% higher than the benchmark interest rate respectively, and the mortgage interest rates will be adjusted according to market conditions in due course.

　　"From a policy perspective, it is expected that the proportion of real estate in financial resources will be carefully regulated in the future, and there is little room for further improvement in the proportion of real estate in financial resources." Lian Ping, chief economist of Bank of Communications, believes that at present, under the requirement of "housing and not speculating", most first-and second-tier cities have strict control over the property market, and it is impossible to speculate on real estate on a large scale. In the future, real estate credit should do its homework from the structure and match the reasonable demand in line with reality.

　　For example, Lian Ping said that from the perspective of mortgage, under the current strict control policies, the market demand in many places is still rigid and benign, and banks should support it. In terms of development loans, banks and non-bank channels should also give support if there is benign and reasonable demand in the market.

　　The credit direction will be adjusted in the second half of the year.

　　A number of banking industry insiders said that the credit policy will be adjusted around the regulatory requirements in the second half of the year. The vice president of Wuhan Branch of the above-mentioned joint-stock bank said that the bank invested heavily in private enterprises and inclusive finance in the first half of the year, and will increase credit support for manufacturing industry in the second half of the year according to regulatory requirements.

　　Wang Yifeng said that significant growth in manufacturing and medium and long-term loans required further policy arrangements. With the gradual consumption of pre-reserve projects, loans to the public have been weak. In the future, how to promote the rapid growth of manufacturing loans needs further policy guidance. In addition, how to effectively activate the vitality of micro-subjects, especially the effective demand of funds, also needs more effective policy support.

　　It is worth noting that the regulatory authorities have made arrangements to increase support for the manufacturing industry. Yang Liping, chief prosecutor of China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, said earlier that China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission asked banks to set annual service targets for manufacturing industry, mainly to tackle key core technologies in the field of sticking neck, and to support key areas such as strategic emerging industries and transformation and upgrading of manufacturing industry, so as to realize that the balance of manufacturing loans was significantly higher than that of last year. At the same time, improve the professional ability of service manufacturing industry, supervise large banks to optimize the term of loans, match the production and research cycle of manufacturing enterprises, and increase the medium and long-term loans. Those who can make credit loans will insist on reviewing the first repayment source and make credit loans.

On November 29th, China declared "China’s traditional tea-making skills and related customs" included in the UNESCO representative list of human intangible cultural heritage. So far, 43 projects in China have been listed in UNESCO’s intangible cultural heritage list, ranking first in the world! Who are the 43 World Intangible Heritage Sites? Come and find out ↓↓↓

List of representative works of human intangible cultural heritage (35)

Selected year: 2022

Traditional tea processing techniques and their associated social practices in China

Tea flourished in the Tang Dynasty and flourished in the Song Dynasty. China is the earliest country in the world to plant and make tea. The traditional tea-making skills and related customs in China are related to the knowledge, skills and practice of tea garden management, tea picking, hand-made tea, and tea drinking and sharing.

Selected year: 2008

Kunqu opera

Kunqu Opera is one of the oldest existing operas in China, which originated in the Ming Dynasty. The singing of Kunqu Opera has a strong artistic quality, which has a great influence on all modern dramas in China.

Guqin art

Guqin is the most representative solo instrument in China, which has a history of more than 3,000 years in China. Guqin has seven strings and thirteen emblems, and players can play four octaves through ten different plucking methods.

Xinjiang Uygur Muqam Art

"Xinjiang Uygur Muqam" is the general name of all kinds of Muqam that spread in various Uygur inhabited areas in Xinjiang, China, and it is a large-scale comprehensive art form integrating singing, dancing and music.

Mongolian long-tune folk songs (jointly declared by China and Mongolia)

Long tune is a lyric song, which consists of 32 melodies with a lot of decorative sounds. It praises beautiful grasslands, mountains and rivers, praises parents’ love and close friendship, and expresses people’s thinking about their fate.

Selected year: 2009

China seal cutting

China seal cutting is a unique engraving art with stone as the main material, carving knife as the tool and Chinese characters as the representation.

China’s woodblock printing technology

Block printing technology is a special technology that uses a knife to carve characters or patterns on a wooden board, and then uses ink, paper, silk and other materials to print and bind books. It has a history of more than 1,300 years, which has created a precedent for human copying technology.

China’s calligraphy

China’s calligraphy developed with the emergence and evolution of Chinese characters. After more than 3000 years, it has become a representative symbol of China culture.

Chinese paper cutting

Chinese paper-cutting is a folk art that uses scissors or a carving knife to cut and carve patterns on paper to decorate life or cooperate with other folk activities.

China traditional wooden structure building construction skills.

China’s traditional wooden building construction technology is a building construction technology system with wood as the main building material, tenon and mortise as the main combination method, and modular system as the scale design and processing production means, which has been extended for more than 7,000 years.

Craftsmanship of nanjing yunjin brocade

Craftsmanship of nanjing yunjin brocade has the tradition of royal weaving in China and is the representative of the highest level of brocade skills in China.

Dragon Boat Festival

Dragon Boat Festival is a traditional festival in China, which falls on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month. It has a history of more than 2,500 years. The festival custom of driving away drugs and evil spirits has spawned a variety of folk activities such as sacrifice, entertainment and health care.

China Korean Nongle Dance

China Korean agricultural music dance is a folk performing art which integrates performance, singing and dancing, reflecting the traditional farming production and life, offering sacrifices to pray for blessings and celebrating the harvest. Dance has the characteristics of ecology, simplicity, roughness and harmony.

Mazu believes in customs

Mazu is the most influential patron saint of navigation in China. Mazu’s belief in customs is a folk culture with the spirit of worshiping and praising Mazu’s virtue, doing good deeds and loving love as its core, Mazu Palace and Temple as its main activity place, and customs and temple fairs as its manifestations.

Mongolian Humai Singing Art

Humai is a magical singing art created by Mongolians: a singer sings two parts at the same time with his own vocal organs. Among the folk songs of various nationalities in China, it is unique.

Nanyin

Nanyin is a performing art that combines singing and playing, and it is one of the oldest existing music types in China. Nanyin is sung in Quanzhou dialect, mainly with pipa, flute, erhan, sanxian, clapper and other musical instruments, and the music is written with five Chinese characters of "six thoughts and one thought".

Regong art

Regong art mainly refers to Thangka, murals, pile embroidery, sculpture and other Buddhist plastic arts, and is an important art school of Tibetan Buddhism. Its content is mainly Buddhist native stories, historical figures and myths and legends.

China traditional mulberry silk weaving skills.

Sericulture is a great invention of China and a cultural symbol of Chinese national identity. This heritage includes the production techniques in the whole process of planting mulberry, sericulture, reeling, dyeing and silk weaving, the tools and looms used in the process, the silk products such as silk, gauze and so on, and related folk activities.

Traditional firing techniques of Longquan celadon

The traditional firing technique of Longquan celadon is a traditional handicraft with the characteristics of production, skill and artistry. It has a history of more than 1700 years.

Traditional production techniques of rice paper

Papermaking is one of the four great inventions in ancient China. Xuan paper is an outstanding representative of traditional handmade paper, which has the characteristics of soft texture, no decay and so on.

Xi’ an drum music

Drum music in Xi ‘an is a kind of drum music that spreads in Xi ‘an and its surrounding areas. Band organization is divided into percussion instruments and melody instruments, and the playing forms are divided into sitting music and playing music.

Cantonese opera

Cantonese opera is a drama style sung in Cantonese, with a history of more than 300 years. It has absorbed various musical and dramatic elements, and perfectly combined the bangzi and Erhuang tune with the phonology of Cantonese dialect.

Flowers

Hua ‘er was born in the early Ming Dynasty (around 1368 AD), and it is a folk song shared by Han, Hui, Tibetan, Dongxiang, Baoan, Salar, Tu, Yugur and Mongolians in the three provinces (regions) of northwest China. Named for comparing women to flowers in the lyrics.

Manas

The Kirgiz epic Manas, which has been sung for thousands of years, is one of China’s three major epics, among which the most famous is the genealogical legendary narrative of Manas and its eight generations of heroes, with a length of 236,000 lines, which is the "encyclopedia" of Kirgiz’s outstanding creation and oral inheritance.

Gesa (Si) er

Gesar is a grand narrative about the sacred achievements of Gesar, an ancient Tibetan hero. The epic tells the heroic story of King Gelsall who devoted himself to the lower world to save the living beings, led the people of Lingguo to subdue demons, suppress the strong and help the weak, resettle the Three Realms, complete the human mission, and finally return to heaven.

Dong people’s big songs

Dong folk songs are the general name of Dong folk multi-voice folk songs without accompaniment and command. Including voice songs, narrative songs, children’s songs, stepping on the hall songs and blocking the road songs.

Tibetan opera

Tibetan opera is a Tibetan drama with masks and songs and dances, which was formed in the 14th century and spread in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The repertoire is eight traditional Tibetan operas, most of which are myths and legends in Buddhist scriptures to persuade the good and punish the evil.

Selected year: 2010

Chinese medicine acupuncture

Acupuncture is a medical method in traditional Chinese medicine. Acupuncture theory holds that the human body is like a small universe connected by various meridians. By physically stimulating the meridians, it is possible to promote the self-regulation function of the human body and bring health to patients.

Beijing Opera

Beijing opera is a performing art that combines singing, reading, doing and playing. The singing and reading of Peking Opera mainly use Beijing dialect, while the script is written according to a series of strict rules that pay attention to form and rhythm.

Selected year: 2011

Chinese shadow puppetry

Chinese shadow play is a kind of drama form with colorful shadow puppets made of leather or paper, accompanied by music and singing. Shadow puppeteers manipulate shadow puppets with wooden poles behind the scenes, and create dynamic images by shining light on translucent curtains.

Selected year: 2013

China’s Abacus Calculation —— Knowledge and Practice of Mathematical Calculation with Abacus

Abacus calculation is a method of digital calculation with abacus as a tool. Abacus is a great invention of the ancestors of the Chinese nation, and its contribution in the history of the development of the Chinese nation is no less than any of the "four great inventions".

Selected year: 2016

Twenty-four solar terms-Chinese’s time knowledge system formed by observing the annual movement of the sun and its practice

"Twenty-four solar terms" is a knowledge system and social practice formed by Chinese by observing the annual movement of the sun and recognizing the changing laws of seasons, climate and phenology in a year. The ancients in China divided the annual movement track of the sun into 24 equal parts, and each equal part was a "solar term", collectively called "24 solar terms".

Selected year: 2018

Tibetan Medicine Bath Method —— Knowledge and Practice of Life and Health and Disease Prevention of Tibetans in China

Tibetan medicine bath method, called "soaking" in Tibetan, is the traditional knowledge and practice of Tibetan people to adjust their physical and mental balance and realize life health and disease prevention by bathing in natural hot springs or water juice or steam boiled by drugs under the guidance of the life view of "five sources" of earth, water, fire, wind and air and the health view of "three causes" of Long, Chiba and Bacon.

Selected year: 2020

Tai Ji Chuan

Tai Ji Chuan is a traditional sports practice based on China’s traditional philosophy and concept of health preservation, which is based on the cycle of Yin and Yang and the unity of man and nature. This heritage project pays attention to the cultivation of ideas and the adjustment of breathing, with five steps and eight methods as the core movements, and routines, exercises and pushing hands as the movement forms.

"Sending the King’s Boat —— Ceremony and Related Practice of Sustainable Contact between Man and the Ocean" (Joint Declaration of China and Malaysia)

Sending the king’s boat is a ceremony widely spread in Minnan, China and the coastal areas of Malacca, Malaysia, which has both commonness and locality. In southern Fujian, it is mostly held every three or four years when the northeast season is windy in autumn; In Malacca, it is mostly held in the leap year of the lunar calendar and on the auspicious day in the dry season. The ceremony lasted for several days or months.

List of intangible cultural heritage in urgent need of protection (7)

Selected year: 2009

Qiang nian

The Year of the Qiang is a traditional festival of the Qiang people in Sichuan, China Province, and it is celebrated on the first day of the tenth lunar month every year.

Li nationality’s traditional spinning, dyeing, weaving and embroidery skills

The traditional spinning, dyeing, weaving and embroidery technique of Li nationality is a kind of textile technique created by Li nationality women in Hainan, China Province. It integrates spinning, dyeing, weaving and embroidery, and uses cotton thread, hemp thread and other fibers to make clothes and other daily necessities.

Traditional construction techniques of China wooden arch bridge

The construction technology of China wooden arch bridge with beams is to use log materials, traditional wooden building tools and manual techniques, and use core technologies such as "beam-making" to connect with tenons and mortises to form an extremely stable arch bridge technology system.

Selected year: 2010

Maxi Refu

Maixi Refu is the most important bearer of the cultural tradition of the Uygur people. The complete activities of Maixi Refu include a series of rich customs and performing arts, such as music, dance, drama, folk art, acrobatics, oral literature, diet and games.

Manufacturing technology of China watertight compartment blessing boat.

The manufacturing technology of watertight compartment was developed in Fujian Province in the south of China, which made it possible to build a seagoing vessel with watertight compartment. The key technologies that need to be applied in the manufacture of this sailboat are: tenon joint and stern joint, which refer to the tongue-and-groove joint of wooden boards respectively, and the technology of using ramie, tung oil and lime as blocking materials for the joints between wooden boards.

Chinese movable type printing

China’s wood movable type printing is one of the oldest printing technologies in the world, and Ruian, Zhejiang Province has maintained this technology, where it is still used to compile genealogy. Men are trained to carve Chinese characters and print them after engraving, word picking and typesetting.

Selected year: 2011

Imakan of Hezhe nationality

Imakan is an important part of Hezhe people’s world outlook and historical memory in northeast China. Imakan narrates in Hezhen language, in the form of poetry and prose, and consists of many independent tracks, describing tribal alliances and wars, including the story of Hezhen hero beat the devil and invaders.

List of Excellent Practices (1)

Selected year: 2012

Strategy for training coming generations of Fujian puppetry practitioners

Fujian puppet show is an outstanding representative of China’s puppet performance art, and its main performance forms are marionette and palm puppet. Since the 1980s, with the changes in production and lifestyle, and the complicated performance techniques of Fujian puppet shows, young people’s willingness to learn and inherit has declined, and there are few successors to Fujian puppet shows. Since 2006, relevant communities, groups and representative inheritors have formulated the "Fujian Puppet Show Successor Training Plan" from 2008 to 2020 around the main goal of cultivating inheritors. Through systematic professional training, cultivate a new generation of puppet show practitioners and improve the survival ability of Fujian puppet show; Through holistic protection, we can cultivate potential puppet show practitioners and appreciators, improve the living environment of Fujian puppet show, and effectively promote the protection and inheritance of Fujian puppet show.

(Editing Zhang Xiaoqing’s graphic materials are all from China Intangible Cultural Heritage Network)

CCTV News:The Beijing West Railway Station is still brightly lit in the middle of the night, and passengers are carrying big bags and small bags to their respective destinations in the crowded crowd. For Wang Linna, the captain of "036" who serves key passengers, her night shift has just begun.　

"Looking for’ 036′ in difficulty" is a warm word circulating in the waiting room of Beijing West Railway Station, and it is also a solemn promise of several generations of "036" passengers. Over the past fifteen years, the inheritors of "036" have been devoted to their posts, provided practical services, and practiced the service tenet of "treating passengers like relatives" with actions. As a new generation of successors, Wang Linna led the energetic "036" team and won the praise of thousands of passengers with sincere service.

"036" Team of Passenger Transport Class C　

From one person to a group.

"036" was originally the name tag number of Li Shuzhen, a passenger attendant at Beijing North Railway Station in 1970s. She was sincere and enthusiastic, and was praised by many passengers. In 1998, the second generation of "036" passenger attendants and Beijing model workers — — Song Minjuan transferred from Beijing North Railway Station to Beijing West Railway Station, bringing the excellent practice of "036" service, and the spirit of "036" began to take root in Beijing West Railway Station. In 1999, Beijing West Railway Station officially named the special waiting room for the elderly, young, sick, disabled and pregnant key passengers as "036". The fourth generation of "036" passengers, represented by Wang Fenglian, inherited and carried forward the spirit of "036" and "one heart, full of enthusiasm, to solve problems for passengers" of the older generation such as Li Shuzhen, Song Minjuan and Hu Zongying. Nowadays, Wang Linna, the successor of the fifth generation "036", is affectionately called "the most beautiful smile in the waiting room" by the passengers for his patient, meticulous and enthusiastic service.

Wang Linna serves key passengers.

Liu Yongxin is one of the many phone numbers of travelers who come and go to see a doctor in Wang Linna’s mobile phone.

In the summer of August, 2012, Wang Linna found Liu Yongxin who had just finished leg surgery. He was a national basketball player. Because of leg surgery, he missed the 2012 exam and failed to realize his dream of going to Beijing Sport University. At that time, Liu Yongxin was very depressed and lacked confidence in his future life, so Wang Linna comforted him to take good care of his illness and enlightened him to be optimistic. Before parting, Wang Linna also specially exchanged telephone numbers with Liu Yongxin. In the following three months, Wang Linna kept in touch with him and encouraged him to cheer up and face the future bravely like a big sister. On the phone, Wang Linna also promised that no matter how busy he was when he came to Beijing for reexamination, he would personally escort him on and off the bus.

In mid-October, Wang Linna was not on duty when he got a call from Liu Yongxin to Beijing again, and his two-year-old daughter was ill and hospitalized. There is no time to take care of the children at ordinary times, and I can’t accompany them when I am sick. Wang Linna, a mother, is very guilty. But when thinking of the passengers in need and his original promise, Wang Linna resolutely returned to the station.

A passenger wrote in her thank-you letter: "For my mother, who is seriously ill, your warm help is like a ray of sunshine, giving her infinite warmth." In this way, Wang Linna and her "036" team inherited and carried forward the traditional virtues of "036", moved forward together, solved difficulties with considerate service, warmed passengers with sincere care, and became smiling angels in everyone’s eyes.

The travelers became friends with them.

"036" passenger escort key passengers to the platform.

As the railway passenger station with the largest number of passengers in China, during the holiday transportation, the passenger attendants in the "036" waiting room often have to work continuously for 15 or 6 hours, but everyone never complains or shouts tired, and only leaves a bright copy to the passengers.

"036" passenger guides key passengers

On October 2, 2013, the waiting room of the Golden Week was overcrowded. From 8: 00 a.m. to take over, in less than half an hour, Wang Linna has already picked up three passengers in wheelchairs. "Can you take us to the train gate?" When Sheng Litang from Lianyungang made this request, he was slightly embarrassed and uneasy. His wife suffers from femoral head necrosis, and it is very inconvenient to go home by train after seeing the disease in Beijing. Wang Linna immediately found a wheelchair to help take the patient to the waiting room, and then comforted the husband and wife: "Please wait here first, and we will send you directly to the car, don’t worry."

As soon as the Shenglitang couple were arranged, Wang Linna welcomed five more tourists to Urumqi, including an 80-year-old grandmother and a 10-year-old child in a wheelchair. Wang Linna’s footsteps haven’t stood firm, and then he pushed the old man and led the family to set off. Only when I got to the platform did I know that the five passengers were not in the same carriage. Wang Linna patiently settled them in turn before leaving.

Thinking of Mr. and Mrs. Sheng in the waiting room, Wang Linna hurried to see the car off after a busy wheelchair trip. Knowing that they would come to Beijing for treatment, Wang Linna handed in a love contact card, reminding that every waiter would serve wholeheartedly when he came directly to the "036" waiting room at the West Railway Station next time.

Wang Linna Record Key Passenger Service Card

Willing to endure hardship and dedication is the consistent style of "036", and realizing the value of life in dedication is regarded as the standard by them. For them, tourists have become friends, even relatives. They have taken pains, regardless of fame and fortune, as long as they can harvest a smile and a greeting, it is enough.

Based on the needs of passengers, seeking development through innovation

"036" Innovative Invention of Electric Wheelchair

Today, Wang Linna and her team are not satisfied with the original service means and measures. On the basis of inheriting and carrying forward the spirit of "036 Four Hearts", they have created the "One-stop Service Law" and "Five A Work Law" in close combination with reality, which has made the spirit of "036" show new charm and made new development. At the same time, the "036" team made full use of the station and the official Weibo of "036" on the basis of on-site reservation and telephone reservation, and opened the online reservation service, which further facilitated the travel of key passengers.

On January 10th, 2013, a netizen named "Passing a colorful grandson in a dream" sent a message for help through Weibo. His name is Sun Long, a student who goes to college in Lanzhou and lives in Shenyang. Before the holiday, Sun Long’s right leg was accidentally broken, so it became a big problem to go home by train for the New Year. After receiving information from the official Weibo of Beijing West Railway Station, the "036" waiting room arranged the pick-up work in advance according to the specific boarding date and train number provided by Sun Long.

On January 13th, Sun Long took the Z56 train from Lanzhou and entered the platform. With the help of the conductor, Wang Linna successfully reached Sun Long in a wheelchair. Because Sun Long’s leg injury can’t be hit and shaken again, Wang Linna tried to keep his feet steady all the way to make him more comfortable in a wheelchair. After leaving the station, Wang Linna quickly contacted Beijing Railway Station and Shenyang Railway Station to help them arrange the transfer of Sun Long’s family. During the Spring Festival, Wang Linna received a short message from Sun Long, with deep affection between the lines, expressing his gratitude to all the staff who helped him. On February 20th, Weibo, the official of Beijing West Railway Station, received a message from Sun Long again. He will take the T75 train on the 24th and return to Lanzhou. On the same day, Wang Linna also received a short message from Sun Long, hoping to get him on the bus by Wang Linna. When I saw Sun Long again, his leg injury improved obviously, but he still needed a wheelchair to pick him up. At 3: 15 pm, Wang Linna received Sun Long at the entrance on the second floor and sent him to the door of the carriage smoothly. After arranging the berth, Sun Long said to Wang Linna, "Sister Wang, thank you. You passed on your warmth and love to me, and I will pass it on again!"

This simple sentence made Wang Linna very pleased.

Fifteen years is only a blink of an eye in the long river of history, but it is a growth history for the "036" team to stick to their posts and March forward courageously towards high standards and strict requirements. As time goes by, "036" has become synonymous with advanced title, and it is also a shining railway quality brand. (Propaganda Department of Party Committee of China Railway Beijing Bureau Group Corporation)

Male nannies are still a minority in the market.

　　Near the end of the year, the topic of "Chinese New Year nanny’s daily salary exceeds that of 500 yuan" has attracted attention. According to media reports, during the Spring Festival in 2020, the price of domestic service personnel will all rise, and the daily salary of full-time nannies will also start in 300 yuan, and the highest can reach above 500 yuan.

　　Every year when the Spring Festival is approaching, the salary and shortage of nannies will cause heated discussion. Families who need to hire nannies also say that it is not easy to find a suitable nanny during the Chinese New Year.

　　So, what’s the situation of Hangzhou nanny market this year? Qianjiang evening news recently visited the domestic service market in Zhaohui, Hangzhou, and chatted with the agents and aunts.

　　"Aunt in short supply? You see, we sit here every day waiting for the aunt hired by the employer. " Zhang Fengjuan, head of Chengwang Home Economics Service Department in Hangzhou Zhaohui Home Economics Service Market, said that it is now more difficult to match the needs of both parties: employers have their own set of standards for choosing people; When aunts take jobs, most of them have to weigh various factors such as labor remuneration and service intensity.

　　3,300 yuan to chat for a month, no one did it.

　　"Where are you from?" "How old?" "Going back to your hometown in the New Year?" … … On December 25th, Mr. Wang, a 50-year-old Hangzhou native, wanted to find a nanny for his 75-year-old mother. "My mother lives in an apartment for the elderly, and she is taken care of for eating and washing, and her actions are fairly comfortable. She just wants to find someone to talk with her and look after her at night."

　　He soon surrounded a circle of aunts, but none of them had the will to take this job.

　　"The monthly salary is 3,300 yuan, and the Chinese New Year is coming soon. Such a price will definitely not be found." An aunt from the Northeast is very honest and frank: Even though this kind of work is relatively easy, their main purpose is to make money. "Without money, everything else is useless.".

　　At 3: 00 pm, there are few employers looking for domestic service, and aunts sit and chat in twos and threes, and also share some recruitment news. "I just came to an employer and lived in a five-story villa. It costs 6,000 yuan a month. Will you do it?" An aunt asked. Soon, many aunts around began to discuss. Some people estimated that "cleaning the fifth floor, cooking and looking after the children are very tired and unbearable." Someone bluntly said, "Such a heavy job is not cost-effective."

　　Within a few hours of the reporter’s squatting in the domestic service center, some employers came one after another, but few of them actually signed the contract. Mr. Huang, 51, wanted to find a live-in nanny for the elderly at home. He went around the market several times and didn’t find the right one. He said, "During the Chinese New Year, my salary will definitely go up, and I can accept it, but the main reason is that there is no eye fate. Choosing a nanny depends on the eye fate."

　　It’s hard to find a job after 60.

　　Aunt Han from Jiangxi has been waiting in the market for several days, but she hasn’t waited for her employer. She said, the main reason is my age. "I am 62 years old this year. Many employers will think I am too old, afraid that I will not do things neatly, and I am afraid that I will have physical problems at home and cannot afford this responsibility."

　　"Of course, people in their forties are the most popular," Aunt Han observed some aunts who were negotiating with their employers, and was a little unconvinced. "They are confident, mainly young, but many of them are not as experienced as me."

　　During the interview, Aunt Han told reporters not to always write "nanny shortage". "Look, where is the shortage? Aren’t they all waiting aunts?" She recalled that last year, the market suddenly flooded into a group of "unfamiliar faces" aunts. These aunts said that they saw on TV that Hangzhou was "aunt shortage" and their wages were high, so they ran from Wenzhou and Taizhou. "As a result, I found that this was not the case at all and went back the next day."

　　Aunt Han also complained that the arrival of a large number of "young" aunts would take away her few opportunities.

　　Male nanny wronged: I can cook and wash clothes.

　　"Where did you come from?" "I’m not doing it at home now. I’m a security guard."

　　"Why did you come here?"

　　"Being a nanny again."

　　An aunt sat next to Lao Zhang and chatted with him. Lao Zhang, 51, was the only male candidate in the market that day. He changed from security guard because he felt that the income from work in the domestic industry was stable. "There are few cases of wage arrears and family warmth."

　　As early as 2006, Lao Zhang entered the domestic industry. Later, because the acceptance of male nannies decreased, he began to find other jobs.

　　Lao Zhang said that most families don’t accept male nannies. On the one hand, many male nannies smoke and drink, causing dissatisfaction among the elderly in the family, "ruining the atmosphere." In addition, male nannies spend more on eating and drinking at home. "For example, if a woman eats a bowl of rice, we may have to eat two bowls, which is a bit too much for the average family."

　　The aunt on the side took the conversation. "The male nanny is completely uncompetitive compared with us. Cleaning, washing clothes and cooking are all done well by women. "

　　Lao Zhang was anxious. "I can cook and wash clothes as well, and I am stronger than you."

　　Lao Zhang decided to try again while the Chinese New Year was coming. He said, "It’s best to find a long-term nanny. If not, you can be a short-term babysitter with high salary."

　　Aunties gave him advice. Generally, after the twentieth day of the twelfth lunar month, there will be a "replacement tide", and many nannies who used to live at home may come out to be substitutes. The salary depends on the workload of the new employer’s family, usually 300-500 yuan a day.

　　Lao Zhang immediately asked after listening, "Is 500 a day to see the elderly or children?" "Children, of course."

　　Lao Zhang gave a cry and stopped talking. He knows that the elderly who are seriously ill or fat are more willing to choose him.

　　Chinese New Year red envelopes test the employment relationship best.

　　In Zhaohui domestic service market, we know that during the Chinese New Year, most aunts hope that their employers can double their wages or give them a big red envelope. Many aunts said that employers usually give them a salary increase, red envelopes and clothes during the Spring Festival. If some employers don’t want to, they may quit their jobs or jump ship when the Spring Festival approaches, and come to the domestic market to see new opportunities.

　　"But most aunts still go home during the Chinese New Year, and there are indeed a few substitutes." An aunt said.

　　Aunt Ke, who is going to stay in Hangzhou for the Spring Festival this year, said that the salary for the Spring Festival is expected to be one day in 400 yuan. However, she said that domestic service agents are unwilling to raise prices too high. "They are afraid of disrupting the market, and they are afraid that the asking price will be too high and the signing rate will be reduced, which will affect their commission." So sometimes, she will make two preparations, talk to her employer herself, or go to the intermediary to sign an agreement. "Without an agreement, there is no guarantee."

　　At present, Aunt Ke has a potential employer and is very satisfied with her, but Aunt Ke still wants to wait and see. "Because I need to take care of an old man with a stroke." She said that most aunts are more willing to take care of children, and their wages are relatively high. Generally, they spend more than 6,000 yuan a month to look after children and 4,000-5,000 yuan to take care of the elderly.

　　In the domestic service market, we also found that most of them came from older aunts and employers.

　　"Now many post-80s and post-90s couples are looking for domestic service, and they prefer to find it on various Internet platforms, which will also divert some customers. Most of the people who come to the housekeeping center to find their aunts are elderly people. " Zhang Fengjuan said that now, some young aunts will also choose to call the domestic service platform online.

　　Should I give the nanny a red envelope during the Spring Festival? (Reporter Chen Xi)