Since the American government announced its National Nanotechnology Plan (NNI) to the whole world in March 2000, nanotechnology, a little-known technical vocabulary in the 20th century, has become a high-frequency word when the media reported on scientific and technological plans and progress. Even some lawless elements use it to deceive some people who like "technology fashion".
　　
　　Nanotechnology refers to:
　　Nanotechnology will trigger a new industrial revolution in the 21st century. Undoubtedly, the birth and development of nanotechnology has opened up a new level of human understanding of the world, and extended human ability to transform nature directly to atoms and molecules, marking a new era of human science and technology. Scientists pointed out that nanotechnology will have a far-reaching impact on the development of productive forces, and it is possible to fundamentally solve a series of problems currently faced by mankind, such as extremely important problems such as environment, food and energy. Nanotechnology will be one of the leading technologies in the 21st century. The science and technology adviser of the President of the United States also spoke highly of the importance of nanotechnology to the future development of knowledge economy. He believes that the benefits brought by the development of nanotechnology to social development, economic revitalization and the improvement of people’s quality of life will be incomparable to general technology, and the wealth created by nanotechnology in the 21 ST century is also incalculable. The influence and penetration of nanotechnology in various fields may exceed that of computers. (Olympic Science and Technology Website)
　

These days, friends, friends and WeChat groups can always see everyone’s concern about nucleic acid detection and discuss the COVID-19 epidemic. Since then, nucleic acid detection has become a high-frequency word. But do you really know about nucleic acid testing? What is the nucleic acid strategy under the most severe and complicated situation faced by Chongqing since the COVID-19 epidemic?

In this issue of "Knocking on the Blackboard", Xiaobian will focus on these issues.

The role of nucleic acid detection—It is recognized by the medical communityThe "Gold Standard" for Diagnosing Covid-19

Why do you want to do nucleic acid testing? On November 27th, at the 150th press conference on the prevention and control of COVID-19 epidemic in Chongqing held by Chongqing Municipal Government Information Office, Li Pan, deputy director of Chongqing Municipal Health and Wellness Committee, once again stressed clearly:

Nucleic acid detection is the "gold standard" recognized by the medical community in diagnosing Covid-19. It is an important measure to quickly find infected people, lock the source of infection in time, and quickly cut off the route of transmission. It is a key measure to realize early detection, early reporting, early isolation and early treatment.

(Related links: press conference, responding to concerns-will you be infected in the process of making nucleic acid? What is the difference between regional nucleic acid and expanded nucleic acid?)

At the 147th press conference on November 22nd, Luo Fei, an expert from Chongqing CDC, made an analogy.

If antigen testing is an auxiliary team and nucleic acid testing is the main player; antigen testing is an attack by innuendo, then nucleic acid testing is the final word.

(Related links: press conference, responding to concerns-which is more useful, antigen or nucleic acid? Is the nucleic acid test result true?)

From a professional point of view, the positive result of nucleic acid detection can be regarded as the same as the result of virus culture and then detection. Covid-19 nucleic acid detection is to select two or three characteristic sequences on the virus genome, copy and amplify them, and then detect and compare them, which is what we often call double-target or triple-target detection.

Because the conservative gene sequence of virus is usually selected as the target gene in nucleic acid detection, even if the virus mutates, it has little effect on the detection ability. Nucleic acid detection requires high detection reagents, detection facilities and equipment, and requires professionals to complete more complicated processes such as collection and detection.

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• Xiaobian analogy-
• Nucleic acid testing is like "raising a baby chicken". When the chick is very young, most people can’t see the male and female, but when the chick is raised, you will know it when you look at the comb.
• Why does it take several hours for nucleic acid testing to produce results? In fact, it is to cultivate viruses, or to raise chickens. Covid-19 nucleic acid detection is equivalent to using cockscomb as a feature to identify male and female, which is the so-called "target gene". At the same time, it is not easy to misjudge if it is characterized by cockscomb, but it is easy to misjudge if it is characterized by chicken feet and tail, so cockscomb is the so-called "conservative gene".

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At the 151st press conference on November 27th, Liao Pu, director of the Laboratory Department of Chongqing People’s Hospital and deputy director of Chongqing Clinical Laboratory Center, also explained the nucleic acid detection.

(Related links: Why is nucleic acid detection the "gold standard"? What about "false yin" and "false yang")

At present, Covid-19 nucleic acid detection usually uses fluorescence PCR amplification technology, and its principle is that viral nucleic acid is increased exponentially through one cycle, so as to realize Covid-19 nucleic acid detection. This is a very classic and reliable nucleic acid detection method, and it is a technology that won the Nobel Prize.

In the detection process, the yin and yang of the detection results are objectively judged by the circulating threshold of nucleic acid amplification, that is, Ct value. The Ct value is related to the viral load of the infected person. The lower the Ct value of the infected person, the higher the viral load of the infected person. Conversely, the higher the Ct value, the lower the viral load of the infected person.

For the report of positive results, according to the detection strategy, one or two other nucleic acid detection reagents that are more sensitive and amplify different regions will be used to detect the original samples when necessary, and the positive results will not be reported until they are confirmed, so sometimes the detection time is longer.

Although nucleic acid detection technology is the recognized gold standard in Covid-19, it is an internationally recognized detection technology for mature pathogens. However, the so-called "false negative" may appear in unreasonable sample collection, transportation and processing, too low virus droplets in the sample, variation of the target sequence to be detected or sequence change caused by other reasons.

For sudden and new subtype Covid-19, such as Omicron mutant, which has the characteristics of concealment, the optimal sampling time for detection may not be confirmed. In addition, in the process of sample collection and detection, pollution caused by aerosol will occur, resulting in false positive. By strengthening laboratory quality control, monitoring laboratory environment and equipment pollution, and multiple rounds of nucleic acid screening, we minimize the errors caused by technical reasons.

Strategies for nucleic acid detection-different strategies at different stages according to the needs of epidemic situation.

These days, users always leave messages asking questions. Why do you do nucleic acids in different areas?

Indeed, since November 1, especially since November 12, when the coordinated prevention and control of the central city was carried out and the epidemic annihilation war was launched, the Chongqing epidemic prevention and control headquarters adopted different nucleic acid detection strategies at different stages according to the needs of the epidemic situation.

For example, the social inspection has been carried out once every seven days, once every day and every other day. After the city launched the social clean-up attack, according to the deployment of classified attack, all districts and counties were divided into three categories: relatively stable epidemic situation, fluctuating platform period and severe situation, to carry out nucleic acid testing.

Li Pan spoke carefully at the press conference on the evening of November 26th. Under the provisions of the ninth edition and Article 20, various localities will formulate different strategies according to the situation of this area, street, community and even community. Specific to this round of epidemic in Chongqing:

At the beginning of the epidemic, the central city of annihilation was fought-

The epidemic situation is multi-point, multi-source and multi-chain. I don’t know where the potential infected people are, and the chain is unclear. For example, "I don’t know where the’ enemy’ is", then take the whole central city as a whole and carry out nucleic acid testing all over the region, and do it every day, which is to find out the potential infected people. After searching for a period of time, I marked a high-risk area.

Fight the tough battle in the central city in the stage of social clearing-

At this time, it is: high-risk areas should be zoned quickly, and nucleic acid testing should be carried out at the specified frequency in high-risk areas; in other areas, because there is still community transmission, it is necessary to "check every other day" and strive to promote social clearing.

Yuzhong, Jiulongpo, Jiangbei and Yubei made three rounds in three days-

Li Pan said at the press conference on the evening of November 26th that the epidemic situation in all districts of the central city was divided, and some districts added thousands of people a day, with a high proportion of society.

Therefore, just like the annihilation war at the beginning of the epidemic, Yuzhong District, Jiulongpo District, Jiangbei District and Yubei District decided to make three rounds in a row for three days, and continue to exert their strength and concentrate their efforts to find out the potential infected people and the risk sources in a short time.

Similarly, the same is true of Liangping, Dianjiang and Xiushan. The difference is that it is not the whole district (county), but the streets where the county is located and the streets involved in the epidemic.

Xiaobian said so much, we can see that the nucleic acid strategy must be a specific arrangement made according to the current epidemic situation. It is about strategy and actual situation. I hope parents will understand and support it.

Organization of nucleic acid detection-this is an important link, and the organizer must pay attention to it.

This point, Xiao Bian should remind the organization unit of nucleic acid detection, because it is really important.

The organization of nucleic acid detection directly affects the detection quality and screening effect. Staff organization, testing resource allocation, testing object organization, and centralized sampling or sampling by building, unit and floor are all important factors.

For example, on November 26th, some districts and counties reported that "nucleic acid test samples were left behind", which may affect the accuracy and quality of nucleic acid screening for whatever reason, indicating the importance of organizational work.

At the same time, there are still many people who are concerned about the organizational level of nucleic acid testing institutions and the professional ethics of staff, which will also directly affect the testing quality and screening effect.

For the sake of everyone’s health and this city, please ask the organizers of nucleic acid testing to follow the process, make the work meticulous and put the management in place! Please!

(Related links: press conference, responding to concerns-Is nucleic acid testing true or not? Are you sure?)

Can nucleic acid be infected? Everyone should take personal protection, so don’t worry about it.

This point, Li Pan also made a detailed introduction. In fact, you don’t have to worry about doing nucleic acid testing and being infected.

Statistics show that more than 60% of the newly infected people are residents of the same building, the same neighborhood and the same community. The route of infection is often in community activities, with acquaintances and friends, shopping together, and taking express mail together (among them, infected people), without protection or standardized protection and contact.

However, there are very few cases of infection directly in the queue of nucleic acid collection or in the process of nucleic acid collection, but the results of flow adjustment are not supported, so don’t worry.

For high-risk areas, there are positive buildings and units that are tested at home, not to mention worrying.

Look, really don’t worry too much. As long as everyone takes personal protection and adheres to the "one meter distance", this situation can be put an end to.

(Related links: do nucleic acid, remember "5321"!)

Supervision of nucleic acid detection-never be soft when it comes to the end, and please continue to supervise the general public.

On November 24th, at the 148th press conference, Dan Yanzheng, deputy mayor of Chongqing Municipal Government, commander of the municipal epidemic prevention and control command department and director of the comprehensive office, said: At present, the results of nucleic acid testing in the whole city are authentic, so please rest assured.

He said-

Chongqing Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government have always attached great importance to the quality of nucleic acid detection. In this round of epidemic, in view of the laboratory quality problems with a large amount of detection and public concern, on the basis of monthly laboratory quality assessment and quality control spot check in the early stage, the Municipal Health and Health Commission strengthened management supervision, with municipal quality control experts "conducting daily inspections" and district and county experts "guiding at the station", participating in laboratory management throughout the process, and promptly urging and rectifying problems such as irregular management and process of individual laboratories.

For violations of laws and regulations, we will maintain a high-pressure situation, and immediately start the investigation procedure according to law for the detection errors reflected by the public. Once found, hell to pay.

Ability of nucleic acid detection-Thanks to the strong support of brother provinces and cities, the ability of nucleic acid detection in Chongqing has been enhanced.

Everyone must have noticed that the staff and volunteers of nucleic acid detection are very hard: airtight protective clothing is worn for most of the day or even a day; alcohol cleaning gloves are constantly rubbed, cotton swabs are torn open and carefully sampled …

Especially in the face of this round of large-scale epidemic and large-scale nucleic acid detection, the whole nucleic acid detection system in our city is facing the pressure of long-term and full-load operation, and there are problems such as staff fatigue, high-speed operation of nucleic acid system and obvious lack of detection ability.

In this regard, under the guidance and support of Chongqing Working Group of the State Council Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism, Chongqing has received strong support from some brother provinces and cities, which has enhanced the strength of nucleic acid detection in our city.

(Related links: Medical teams from 8 provinces and cities in China rushed to Chongqing and successively entered Cuntan and Yuelai Fangcang Hospital to carry out medical treatment.)

What should we do-participate in nucleic acid testing as required!

Li Pan said that the majority of medical workers are fighting hard, hoping to eliminate the doubts of some citizens through continuous efforts and higher-quality nucleic acid testing.

What should we do personally to support nucleic acid testing? It’s simple—

Participate in nucleic acid testing as required! This is not only responsible for personal health, but also the need to prevent others from being infected.

At present, the incubation period of Covid-19 is usually 2-4 days, the shortest may be 1 day, or even less than 1 day, and the longest may be 8 days. Therefore, the management policy for close contacts is "5+3" (5 days of centralized isolation and 3 days of home observation) to minimize risks.

The high-risk area is managed by this scientific law, and it will be reduced to a low-risk area after 5 days without sunshine. But this does not mean that there is no risk, and we must continue to observe. If there is mobility, contact, activity and aggregation in the high-risk area, it will cause new infections. If there is a new positive test, the time will be recalculated.

Therefore, lifting the high-risk area does not mean unsealing, but also strengthening observation. In particular, the current epidemic situation in the central city is still severe and complicated, and it is still the coordinated prevention and control of the central city and the implementation of social control.

Here, Xiaobian asks everyone to understand, support and cooperate with various prevention and control measures as always, especially for nucleic acid testing-

Dear friends, don’t give up and refuse the nucleic acid you should do. Only by doing a thorough examination can you find the infected person as soon as possible, block the transmission chain, win a complete victory in the annihilation war as soon as possible, and return to the fireworks of this city as soon as possible.

>Yesterday, Yang Youning’s wife, Melinda, made a video to celebrate her first wedding anniversary, with an essay."Even if you are old and wrinkled, I will always love you!"↓

The video recorded the whole process from proposing marriage to getting the certificate.

>First, Yang Youning drove thereMelindaGet a certificate,two peopleTalking and laughing all the way, the corners of my mouth have never been put down!

>After arriving at the marriage registration office, with the blessings of relatives and friends, Melinda held flowers in one hand and Yang Shining in the other, and walked happily to the marriage witness desk.

Then, they put rings on each other in front of the wedding table and kissed each other sweetly.

>After receiving the certificate, Yang Shining took a family photo with his wife and many relatives and friends.

>At the end of the video, Yang Youning proposes to his wife.

>When the two stopped to watch on the country road, Yang Shining suddenly took a step back and knelt down on the wet road.

>When Melinda turned around and saw it, she couldn’t help laughing in surprise.

>This is really a rainy day that didn’t stop the romantic process between two people!

>After the wife sent a post, Yang Youning also responded to his wife in the comment area:"I have a wife who is in charge of skin care products, and there will be no wrinkles."

>Netizens are envious and sigh: It’s so romantic and enviable.

>In recent years, Yang Youning has a strong development momentum. With the help of her boyfriend Shi Tiandong in "Everything is Fine", the roles of returnee architect Wang Yongzheng in "last romance" are well known by mainland audiences, which is a little angry.

>In life,Yo YangPay attention to both love and career. Last May, he officially announced his love affair in Weibo.?"My fiancee Melinda and I are ready to enter the next stage of our lives." ↓

> in the picture, the husband and wife laugh with their heads against the camera;

>At the same time, Yang Shining also exposed the B-ultrasound photos of his fiancee ↓

What a happy couple.

>In fact, the relationship between the two has long been a clue. In the Spring Festival of 2019, Yang Shining had a family dinner.In the photo, Melinda appeared beside Yang Youning ↓

>In March, 1919, some media photographed Melinda and Yang Shining’s mother having dinner together at a Japanese food store.After eating, the two walked out of the restaurant talking and laughing, and it seemed that the relationship was quite harmonious.

> In the report, Melinda was accused by the media of being Yang Shining’s girlfriend, calling Yang Youning’s mother and Melinda mother-in-law ↓

>Moreover, on the same day, Yang Shining and Melinda returned to the unified residence, suspected of cohabitation ↓

Whether it is the media exposure or the official announcement of Yang Youning, everyone is unanimously recognized and blessed. …

>In the impression of many people, Yang Youning is an out-and-out man ↓

In private, Yang Youning has made a lot of efforts for her "style" and good health. …

Running;

Riding;

surfing …

He has a wide range of sports hobbies and can be called a decathlon player in the entertainment industry.

>Yang Shining’s wife, Melinda Wang, is also a treasure woman. She is a model, a fashion blogger and also runs a beauty product business.

>Melinda’s resume is also excellent. Graduated from Central Saint Martin College of Art and Design, majoring in fashion design and marketing (FDIM).

>This school is not ordinary. It is the most desirable design hall for Kanye, with Alexander.?A well-known alumnus of McQueen’s level ↓

>She grew up in Hongkong and Los Angeles, but her family has many relatives in Taiwan Province, so she moved to Taiwan Province to make her own brand after graduating from college, which is probably why she met Yang Youning.

In private, Melinda is a sweet girl who is cheerful and loves to laugh.

But a cool girl↓

>Looks very comfortable and durable ↓

Super Ness, healthy and symmetrical ↓

>Usually, the couple’s daily life is sweet+health.

Hiking and exercising ↓

Travel together ↓

Go to the ball game together ↓

Yang Youning celebrates his wife’s sweet birthday ↓

>And bring a baby.

These two people can only be described in one word from the outside to the inside.

>That is: a good match!Wish their family continue to go on happily!

Special feature of 1905 film network A young soldier who became a legend, a diary that has been read and written to this day, a song that has been sung for more than half a century, and an enduring great spirit. Over the past 60 years, "learning from Lei Feng" has become the basic quality of Chinese’s spiritual world. Lei Feng’s young but great life has been continuously continued by generations of ordinary and extraordinary new Lei Feng.

This year marks the 60th anniversary of the inscription by Mao Zedong and other revolutionaries of the older generation for Comrade Lei Feng. On March 5th, the 60th anniversary of learning from Lei Feng, the Film Channel Program Center, together with the Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China Volunteer Service Promotion Center and the China Volunteer Service Federation, launched the live broadcast activity of "learning from Lei Feng", which was especially supported by China Legal Publishing House. With Beijing, Changsha, Fushun, Anshan, Shenyang and other cities as the core, the event linked the whole country, integrating the forms of dialogue between studios, field visits, cloud connection, short videos, etc., and reminisced about Lei Feng’s story together with his comrades-in-arms, students and the new era Lei Feng who practiced Lei Feng’s spirit in different fields, and spread the spirit of Lei Feng. Under the leadership of the film channel host group, many literary and art workers reread the Diary of Lei Feng and re-sang the songs of Lei Feng, and actively participated in the front line of learning Lei Feng’s volunteer activities, which triggered a wide and heated discussion on learning Lei Feng’s spirit on the Internet.

Learn from Lei Feng all one’s life

Close comrades-in-arms, contemporary Lei Feng shares his feelings.

In 1996, the film was released, which made Qiao Anshan’s name a household name. As the closest comrade-in-arms of Lei Feng before his death, Qiao Anshan has been closely linked with the words "learning from Lei Feng" all his life, and promoted the spirit of Lei Feng to the north and south of the motherland.

"Think of Lei Feng before one thing, be Lei Feng in one thing, be Lei Feng after one thing, and learn Lei Feng all your life." In Fushun’s home, Qiao Lao, who was interviewed by the live broadcast of the movie channel, interpreted the spirit of Lei Feng in this way. He will be 82 years old in May, and his voice is no longer clear, but he can’t help but be excited when he mentions Lei Feng. In his view, the greatest significance of learning from Lei Feng is to be a good person and continue to do good deeds. Through the live broadcast, he also sent a message to contemporary youth to follow the quality of Lei Feng’s love of learning, so that Lei Feng’s spirit will continue to shine in the new era.

Lei Feng is not only the orderly of the people, the good monitor of his comrades-in-arms, but also the bosom friend of a generation of children. Sun Guiqin and Han Songdong, who had been coached by Lei Feng in their childhood, went to different positions of joining the army and teaching respectively under the guidance of Lei Feng’s spirit.

Looking back on the past, Sun Guiqin still remembers a "little thing" of great significance to her — — She once saw Lei Feng mending socks, and she still didn’t understand why the soles of socks were so thick. "Saving a penny for the country is also a contribution." Lei Feng’s answer touched her greatly, and she has been practicing Lei Feng’s spirit since then by learning to mend socks.

Although he was only an off-campus counselor, Lei Feng’s kindness and enthusiasm made Han Songdong feel the power of a teacher at that time. So when Lei Feng asked about her future ambition, she immediately replied that she wanted to be a teacher like Uncle Lei Feng. Later, she successfully became the first batch of normal graduates. After 36 years of teaching, she never forgot Lei Feng’s inspiration and inheritance of Lei Feng’s spirit.

Another good "student" of Lei Feng also accepted a live interview with the movie channel in Anshan. Guo Mingyi, who was awarded the title of "Contemporary Lei Feng" in Angang, which cultivated Lei Feng’s professionalism of "not being afraid of hardship, tiredness and difficulties, doing one line, loving one line and specializing in one line", sincerely stated that he is an Angang like Comrade Lei Feng, and everything started with imitating Lei Feng to do good deeds.

"It is to help the people with one heart and one mind. If you need anything, you will try your best to help." Combining the sharing of the past events of helping others, such as voluntary blood donation, Guo Mingyi bluntly said that for Communist party member, to carry out the spirit of Lei Feng is to serve the people thoroughly and selflessly. When "it is difficult to find Lao Guo" has become the consensus of Angang people, Guo Mingyi hopes that everyone can become Lei Feng, not only learning from Lei Feng on March 5, "learning from Lei Feng and being Lei Feng every 365 days!"

Inspired by the spirit of Lei Feng, many models and examples have emerged in various fields in the past 60 years to practice the spirit of Lei Feng and continue to write contemporary Lei Feng stories with practical actions. In the live broadcast, "July 1st Medal" winners Huang Dafa and Wang Lanhua were interviewed by the movie channel respectively. Huang Dafa, a "contemporary foolish man" who led the villagers to dig ditches, said that we should learn from Lei Feng and work hard at all times to bring the economy of ordinary people to a new level. Wang Lanhua, who is praised as "orchids are fragrant, actions speak louder than words", has repeatedly stressed that Lei Feng’s spirit will never go out of date and will continue to guide her and everyone.

From Lei Feng’s hometown to all parts of the world

Grassroots practice everyone is a living Lei Feng.

Wangcheng, Changsha, Hunan, is the place where Lei Feng grew up. Here, the live footage of the movie channel goes into the former site of lei feng memorial and Lei Feng’s work to remember, and also pays attention to the grassroots people’s inheritance of Lei Feng’s spirit.

In the late autumn of 1956, Feng Zhengqi met his colleague Lei Feng in Wangcheng. Today, at the age of 90, he still regards Lei Feng as a lifelong role model. After retirement, he and several other friends and colleagues of Lei Feng formed a "Lei Feng Spirit Publicity Group" to give a long-term voluntary publicity on Lei Feng spirit.

Although he was unable to speak normally due to illness, Feng Lao still spoke with a pen in the live broadcast and carefully wrote what was in his heart. "Now, although I am old, learning from Lei Feng and carrying forward the spirit of Lei Feng deserve to die!"

From the former site of Lei Feng’s work in Tuanshan Lake to other front-line posts in Wangcheng, everyone regards learning from Lei Feng as their daily work and life. In the live broadcast, Yan Lu, secretary of the Party Committee and political instructor of the Wangcheng District Fire Rescue Brigade in Changsha City, pointed out that the frontline fire fighters in Wangcheng passed on the screw spirit of Comrade Lei Feng from generation to generation. "Our fire-fighting screw must not be melted by fire, and the flood cannot be washed away. It is riveted on the front line of disaster prevention, mitigation and relief."

Looking for "three treasures" in lei feng memorial, Fushun, visiting Guo Mingyi’s volunteer team in Angang, looking for "Lei Xiaofeng" in Changsha in the new era, having a dialogue with the 1963 version of Lei Feng in Shenyang, polishing the image of Lei Feng in Xinxian County, Henan Province, caring for the elderly living alone in Min County, Gansu Province, and distributing a volunteer warm heart package &hellip in Yunnan Spring City; … "Learn from Lei Feng’s good example" is integrated into the live media footage, which records the propaganda and voluntary practice of Lei Feng’s spirit throughout the country.

On February 10th, the Chinese NGO Association for the Promotion of International Exchanges and the China Volunteer Service Federation jointly launched the "One Heart Against Earthquake" international civil rescue voluntary action, actively coordinated chinese social organizations, enterprises and other civil society groups, and carried out relevant humanitarian rescue actions in a safe and orderly manner according to Turkish and Syrian rescue requests. In the live broadcast, Xing Yue, vice president of Alibaba Group, Yu Ruofei, captain of Gansu Blue Sky Rescue Team, Yang Legend, head of New Sunshine Disaster Relief Working Group, and Zero Hui, secretary general of Youcheng Entrepreneur Rural Development Foundation, respectively shared the embodiment of Lei Feng spirit in this international rescue. Breaking the nationality region, the spirit of Lei Feng has gone abroad and let the world see the power of China.

Literary and Art Workers Reread Lei Feng Diary

New songs and new books pay tribute to spread the spirit of Lei Feng.

Lei Feng’s unpretentious diary quotations, however, have passed through the times like bright lights and continue to spread in people’s hearts.

According to the starring role of "Days of Leaving Lei Feng" in the live broadcast room of the guest movie channel, these diary words of Lei Feng contain many philosophies of life, just like proverbs. Every time I read them, I feel that "Lei Feng is not an ordinary person". "Sixty years have influenced three generations. The spirit of Lei Feng is not the spirit of one person, but the spirit of a group of people."

During the live broadcast, He Junlin, the internship anchor of the film channel, and young literary and art workers such as Bailu,,,,,,,,, respectively reread the excerpts of Lei Feng Diary, so that those sincere and philosophical words were once again listened to by the public on this special day.

At the same time, the classic song "Learn from Lei Feng’s Good Example" was also interpreted in a new way. Adapted from the lyrics of musician Zhao Jialin, the film performance artist sang the new version of Lei Feng with the film channel hosts,, Ying Ling,,, Yunwei, Xiaoli, and young filmmakers,,,,, Sun Sicheng, and. "You are always extraordinary. You always say ordinary. Now there are countless people like you!" Old songs are sung new, and what remains unchanged is the spirit of Lei Feng, which will continue to be passed down from generation to generation.

As a strong support for "learning from Lei Feng’s good example" and integrating the live media activities, China Legal Publishing House specially planned to publish the book "Lei Feng Spirit in the New Era", aiming at promoting and spreading the spirit of Lei Feng to the whole society. At the live broadcast, Liu Bo, general manager of China Legal Publishing House, shared the planning and writing process of the book in detail. According to her introduction, "The Spirit of Lei Feng in the New Era" profoundly grasps the era connotation of Lei Feng’s spirit, takes the classic quotations and quotations of Lei Feng as the style division, and selects the simple but wise quotations of Comrade Lei Feng to inspire readers to think and moisten their minds.

In the new era, Lei Feng spirit is still an important ideological guide for literary and art workers in their daily work and life. In the live broadcast, Wu Hongyuan, the lyricist of Learn from Lei Feng, and his son Jia Ding, the director and screenwriter of the film Days of Leaving Lei Feng, the actor who plays Lei Feng in the film, the film director, the film director and the sculpture artist Wu Weishan, and the young actor Aero who was hired as the "propagandist of Lei Feng Spirit" shared their feelings about learning Lei Feng’s spirit. Young actors Sebrina, Fei Qiming and Zhou Yiran went into the campus, streets, hospitals and other places to participate in volunteer service, and practiced the spirit of Lei Feng in the new era with other volunteers.

It is reported that "learning from Lei Feng’s good example" has been broadcasted by the media and related short videos for more than 72 million times, which has won praises from all walks of life and netizens. On the 5th, the TV side of the movie channel specially arranged three films telling the story of Lei Feng and spreading the spirit of Lei Feng, namely, Smile of Lei Feng, Lei Feng in 1959 and Days of Leaving Lei Feng, which were broadcast continuously. The 1905 movie network also showed the film and Lei Feng in 1959 on the client side, which won a good response from TV viewers and internet users.

The fifth day of the fifth month of the lunar calendar is a traditional festival in China-Dragon Boat Festival. For more than 2,000 years, the Dragon Boat Festival has been a festival to commemorate the folk customs of all ethnic groups in China. From rowing dragon boats, eating zongzi and inserting calamus in ancient times to today’s national fitness, epidemic prevention, dispelling diseases, expelling heat and praying for health, many ancient customs have been completely passed down, and new good wishes have been added at the same time.

Dragon Boat festival

five

moon

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Every Dragon Boat Festival, the first thing that comes to our mind is to eat zongzi-sweet, salty, meaty and vegetarian. It can be said that every family has its own housekeeping skills, and every place has its own preferences.

The reason why Zongzi can be used as the representative food of the Dragon Boat Festival is to throw it into the river to prevent fish and shrimp from biting Qu Yuan’s body. Second, it is because the edges and corners of zongzi are like a knife, which can eradicate diseases and disasters.

Eating zongzi on Dragon Boat Festival not only carries the feelings of home and country, but also contains the deep feelings of family and friends getting together. Zongzi is known as one of the traditional foods with the deepest historical and cultural accumulation in China.

Do you know the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival?

When it comes to the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival, Qu Yuan is probably the first thing that comes to mind. According to legend, the king of Chu listened to slanderous rumors and exiled Qu Yuan. After Qin conquered the capital of Chu, the desperate Qu Yuan threw himself into the Miluo River with a big stone in his arms. After the death of Qu Yuan, the people of Chu were so sad that they flocked to the Miluo River to pay their respects to Qu Yuan, and there was a custom of dragon boat race and eating zongzi during the Dragon Boat Festival.

Do you know all the names of the Dragon Boat Festival?

The record of local customs in the Western Jin Dynasty contains "Midsummer Dragon Boat Festival". The end, the beginning. " This is the earliest origin of the word "Dragon Boat Festival".

There are many names for the Dragon Boat Festival, such as Duanyang, Yulan Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Chongwu Festival, Dragon Festival, Zhengyang Festival, Tianzhong Festival and so on.

But what many people don’t know is that the Dragon Boat Festival also has the nickname "Daughter’s Day". In ancient times, from the first day of May to the fifth day of May, every family dressed up their girls and folded a pomegranate hairpin on their heads. This is considered as a ritual to avoid the "poison" in May and pray for the health of girls at home. Even if the daughter in the family grows up and marries, she will go back to her mother’s house to spend the holidays with her parents. Therefore, the Dragon Boat Festival is also called "Daughter’s Day".

How much do you know about the custom of Dragon Boat Festival?

Besides eating zongzi, there are many customs in the Dragon Boat Festival. How much do you know?

pick

Chinese mugwort

grass

Legend has it that in ancient times, the gods had an agreement with the water monster, so long as people hung wormwood and calamus in front of their doors, the water monster should not be offended, so people liked to pick and hang wormwood on the Dragon Boat Festival, hoping to dispel demons and defend their families.

Wormwood itself has the functions of dispelling cold and removing dampness, warming meridians and stopping bleeding, and its stems and leaves contain volatile aromatic oil, which can repel mosquitoes and flies and purify the air. The smoke produced by the smoking of mugwort leaves can inhibit the spread of viruses and bacteria in the air.

game

dragon

boat

Qu Yuan threw himself into the river with hatred, and the people of Chu were reluctant to part with the death of his sage Qu Yuan, so many people rowed to catch up and save, which was the origin of the dragon boat race, and thus the dragon boat race became one of the most traditional customs of the Dragon Boat Festival.

Every year during the Dragon Boat Festival, the dragon boat race is an annual feast that can’t be missed. The "Hey Yo" sound of Qi Xin’s rowing inspires the players and the people watching the battle on the shore.

put on

fragrant

bag

The ancients also wore sachets on the Dragon Boat Festival. In order to scent, repel insects and avoid plague, sachets were often filled with some traditional Chinese medicines with the function of "fragrant filth", such as clove, angelica dahurica, Pogostemon, perilla, mint, etc., which can refresh the mind, invigorate the spirit, dredge the nine orifices and prevent plague.

tie

five

colour

rope

In ancient times, people were superstitious that the Dragon Boat Festival was the most unlucky and poisonous day of the year. Therefore, during the Dragon Boat Festival, every household should wear colorful ropes on their children’s wrists, that is, ropes made of five kinds of colored lines, namely red, yellow, blue, green and purple, to ward off evil spirits, drive away plague and turn good luck into good luck.

Dragon Boat Festival carries people.

Memories of sages

The pursuit of health

Prevention and treatment of diseases

Expectation for a better life

……

finally

I wish you all.

Wish you peace and health on Dragon Boat Festival!

Original title: "Dragon Boat Festival, Taste Dragon Boat Festival and Inherit Civilization"

Read the original text

　　[literature and art watching tide]

　　editorial comment/note

　　Promoting the creative transformation and innovative development of Chinese excellent traditional culture, better constructing China spirit, China value and Chinese strength, and providing spiritual guidance for the people are the requirements put forward in the report of the 19th National Congress for the whole party to deeply understand and implement the spiritual essence and rich connotation of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era. As for TV variety shows, in recent years, under the policy control of the State Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television with the development direction of "commonweal, culture and originality", the number of entertainment programs with copyright such as singing and talent shows has been greatly reduced, and the proportion of cultural independent original programs with China characteristics has been increasing day by day. It has become a common practice to promote the transformation and development of excellent traditional culture in the form of images, which has made a useful demonstration in the cultural field.

　　In the spring of 2017, the second season of the Chinese Poetry Conference, the Reader and other cultural programs were launched one after another, and the screens were popular, which not only attracted high ratings and attention, but also won rave reviews from the audience. Many industry experts came to the conclusion that "the spring of cultural programs has arrived". As a result, major TV stations and producers have boarded the development express train "bound for spring" and launched works such as I am an orator, Chinese characters, traveling thousands of miles, Chinese restaurant and Chinese series. At the same time, the popularity of cultural programs is also rising. The first stage of the network variety "The Speaker" has a total broadcast volume of 590 million; Hunan Satellite TV’s "Chinese Restaurant" has been the number one viewing champion for 11 consecutive issues, and the cumulative network broadcast volume has exceeded 2.6 billion; The first program of "Cheer for China" by Oriental TV reached an average audience rating of 0.74% in 35 cities nationwide, with 128 million TV viewers, setting a national audience rating record for traditional Chinese opera and cultural programs in the past three years … … To explore the reasons for the recent popularity of cultural programs and the ratings of Qi Fei, the main reason lies in the creators’ continuous transformation and upgrading to adapt to the changes in the market environment on the basis of cultivating the fertile soil of traditional cultural resources, so that the quality of works is steadily improved, and generate is full of vitality.

　　Creative innovation "deeply cultivates and broadens" traditional culture

　　For a long time in the past, the phenomenon of serious homogenization of cultural programs in China has been criticized by the industry. After the quiz show "Lucky 52" and "Happy Dictionary" became popular on the screen, a number of works with similar forms swarmed in. When "Lecture Room" was a smash hit, similar "lecture" programs rushed to the beach market … … The cluster broadcast of the same type of programs not only makes the audience feel aesthetic fatigue, but also makes the creation fall into a narrow lane of thinking. Happily, this problem has been significantly improved in the past two years. Cultural programs have achieved breakthroughs in the expansion of theme styles, the excavation of cultural connotations and the innovation of production concepts, and gradually entered the 2.0 era.

　　China’s traditional culture not only contains many outstanding core ideas and concepts, such as caring, honesty and justice, but also contains rich and complex ancient myths, classic ancient books and literary works. These classic cultural treasures, which often appear in textbooks and books, are like spring snow, giving people a feeling of "high cold", which inevitably makes TV audiences who mainly appeal to entertainment, release pressure and enrich their spare time feel dull and obscure. In order to make the program grounded and popular, the creators try to use all kinds of trendy and fashionable expressions and image languages that young people can understand. For example, The Book of Poetry by Oriental TV breaks through the inherent competition form of general educational culture programs, takes "Poetry into the homes of ordinary people" as the core idea, and pays attention to the flexible use of poetry in life; Anhui tv’s folk song competition program "China in My Ear" not only reproduces the classic melody of traditional folk songs to awaken the national memory infiltrated in the blood of Chinese people, but also innovatively incorporates modern elements, presenting popular style "Under the Silver Moonlight" and rock singing "I Love You, Snow in the North of Saibei" to show the enterprising spirit of young singers.

　　From learning Chinese characters together, reciting poems, busy dictation and holding competitions, to promoting reading, paying attention to folk songs, focusing on food and propagating family style, cultural programs have also jumped out of the old pattern that it is difficult to have new ideas, and are no longer confined to the competitions of poems and songs, but have opened up many humanistic themes focusing on urban scenery, food, opera and other fields. "Charming China City" by CCTV Financial Channel turned its creative vision to urban culture, and adopted a two-pronged model of "culture+tourism" to dig deep into the rich connotation and unique charm of the city. The Chinese Restaurant, which was recently broadcasted on Hunan Satellite TV, takes the story of Chinese opening a Chinese restaurant in a foreign country as the framework, which runs through the clues of spreading Chinese food culture and shows the confidence and tolerance of China’s traditional food culture.

　　Sincere feelings make the program "high but not cold"

　　High-value programs should not only temporarily attract the audience’s attention with novel forms, but also make them watch, think positively and discuss enthusiastically, infect and inspire people and guide the way forward. Therefore, while thinking about how to improve the expression form of the program, producers try to realize the transmission of "internal" value through this "external" change. Dong Qing, the producer of The Reader, said: "We construct the reader’s personal life experience through conversation. When the speaker and the listener have the same mind and the emotion reaches a certain saturation, the text comes out with the trend. The guests were restored to the appearance of sincere readers on the stage, at ‘ I want to read ’ Not ‘ I can read ’ In the active expression of, complete ‘ Asking about life in the name of literature ’ The mission. "

　　In the case that the trend of variety show "fighting for star lineup" has been widely criticized by the industry, many creators of cultural programs do the opposite, emphasizing "civilian consciousness" and paying attention to the interaction between their works and people from all walks of life. As a result, more and more topics are concerned about the fate and feelings of ordinary people and reflect the great practice of people’s production and life, making cultural programs more zeitgeist and practical significance. For example, Hunan Satellite TV’s "A Thousand Miles of Children" uses documentary shooting, interviews with people and other methods to visually and vividly present the family letters and the ordinary stories between parents and children behind them, showing the good family style of ordinary people. In "I am an orator" by Beijing Satellite TV, ordinary people from different educational backgrounds, different regions and different industries tell their life experiences in front of the audience: the courier still does not give up his dream after hard work, the soldier excitedly tells his mission, the Harvard girl tells us with personal experience that "the country is strong and the teenager is strong", and the network anchor is named "Shoumai" … … The presentation of these "amateurs" diverse attitudes towards life can not only help different audiences to find the content that is in line with their own ideas, thus generating emotional resonance, but also demonstrate the upward attitude towards life and deep feelings of home and country in contemporary Chinese.

　　A variety of paths make excellent culture "spread properly"

　　Internet instant messaging, two-way interaction, mass storage and other characteristics bring not only the optimization and upgrading of content production and the change of audience interaction mode, but also the expansion of communication pattern, the increase of communication channels and the change of communication mode to TV programs. In this case of drastic changes in the communication ecology, producers should keep pace with the times and actively adjust their propaganda ideas in order to obtain a wider audience and a stronger audience stickiness, and realize the geometric expansion of the influence and communication power of cultural programs through "two micro-ends" propaganda matrix, network synchronous live broadcast and other ways.

　　Zhejiang Satellite TV’s "Chinese Characters" has produced several short video programs "Test Your Word", and each video has tens of millions of clicks and forwards; "Cheering China" pushed the talent performance of "cheering people" to major social platforms in the form of video, which quickly attracted the attention of netizens. Many producers have grasped the characteristics of fragmentation, mobility, event and socialization of new media, and spread program information such as stories, quotations and cartoon images of participating guests to online communities, amplifying their news value and forming a "cultural phenomenon".

　　In the era of media convergence, cultural programs should also learn to integrate the resources of big screen and small screen, open up the two lines of online and offline, and build a communication framework of all-media interaction. "The Speaker" pioneered the platform mobile live broadcast. The bus of the program group was broadcast live in five cities across the country. Players can wave to get on the bus at any time, and the winners stay and the losers get off, which greatly improved the public participation. "Cheer for China" cooperated with the "Everyday P Picture" APP to launch the "Drama Face Changing" activity, which received 2.4 million reposts in four days. These innovative methods not only make the existing cultural programs go to the public, but also incite the market demand for more high-quality programs with cultural nourishment and value resonance functions, and realize the creative transformation and innovative development of Chinese excellent traditional culture.

　　 (Author: Kang Weiwei)

　　BEIJING, Beijing, March 17th (Xinhua)-Work is "lying flat", "eating heart" does not change, alcohol addiction is hard to stop, people are keen on organizing games, and playing cards to slap eggs … …

　　A few days ago, the Supervision Committee of the Commission for Discipline Inspection of Xuancheng City, Anhui Province issued the "Announcement on Accepting Complaints and Reports on Outstanding Cadres’ Work Style in the City", and the above behaviors were all within the scope of reporting.

　　The problem of "six heavy and six light" can be reported.

　　The outstanding problems of cadres’ work style accepted by Xuancheng this time are focused on the "six stresses and six despises" in environmental work for the people and enterprises: the problem of emphasizing form over content, the problem of emphasizing process over results, the problem of emphasizing procedure over effectiveness, the problem of emphasizing overweight over burden reduction, the problem of emphasizing achievements over potential achievements, and the problem of emphasizing pleasure over struggle.

　　For example, we should pay more attention to form than content, implement the decision-making and deployment of superiors, pretend to engage in form, mechanically implement policy measures and work arrangements, copy them, serve the masses well, look good, and do difficult things.

　　Emphasis on achievements over potential achievements, biased view of achievements, disrespect for objective reality and the needs of the masses, arbitrary decision-making, blind decision-making, illegal decision-making, superficial articles, image projects, keen on piling bonsai, creating bright spots, and ostentation and extravagance.

　　Pay more attention to pleasure than struggle, work lightly, be afraid of hardship and tiredness, be a "lying-flat" cadre, pursue extravagant enjoyment, "eat your heart", be addicted to alcohol, be keen on organizing games to drink, play cards and slap your eggs, and even take advantage of your position to eat and get cards.

　　In the reporting methods announced by Xuancheng City, in addition to the letter address and telephone number, there are also websites and new media channels. The announcement also includes a QR code for reporting WeChat.

　　Screenshot of the website of the Commission for Discipline Inspection of Xuancheng City, Anhui Province

　　Open more reports, engage in appraisal, and rectify the style of cadres

　　In response to the problem of cadres’ work style, in recent years, many channels for reporting by the masses have been opened.

　　In June last year, Wolong District, Nanyang City, Henan Province issued an announcement to collect clues about the problem of "lying cadres" in all units in the region.

　　The collection of clues for "lying cadres" includes 10 aspects, such as "muddling through work and being satisfied with meeting" and "‘ Statement ’ After that, nothing ‘ Performance ’ , serving the masses depends on ‘ Performance ’ " "I don’t say anything at ordinary times, I don’t know anything", and so on.

　　Last year, Hanshou County, Hunan Province launched a public image evaluation activity for cadres. According to the main image of cadres at work, the evaluation content was divided into four types: "practical, chatting, making trouble and lying flat".

　　For example, cadres who dare to take responsibility, be conscientious and achieve remarkable results are practical; The cadres who are "idle, sit and talk, tell others what to do, have a low eye, make a good statement, implement it poorly, and talk about people behind their backs" are chatty; Cadres who "don’t talk about politics, talk nonsense that they shouldn’t, buck-passing, and disobey" are mischievous; Cadres who "have low work standards, are not enterprising, muddle along, have no motivation, are helpless and let nature take its course" are lying flat.

　　In Guizhou, the Commission for Discipline Inspection and Supervision of Honghuagang District, Zunyi and the Business Environment Bureau of the Joint District also set up the "Snail Award", which included procrastination, perfunctory responsibilities, disregard for the interests of the masses, and ineffective rectification of problems, and awarded the "Snail Award" in the form of monthly assessment and quarterly awards.

　　Let cadres who muddle along and do nothing have no market.

　　In this year’s Spring Festival Evening sketch "Pit", the "lying cadres" portrayed by actor Shen Teng became a hot topic for a while.

　　According to the commentary published on the website of the State Supervision Commission of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, the treatment of "lying cadres" requires the right medicine and multiple measures. One of the most important aspects is to establish and improve a scientific mechanism for selecting and employing people, encourage them to take responsibility, identify, select and make good use of cadres, resolutely say no to "lying cadres", firmly applaud those responsible, and select "aggressive" and "dry" to avoid.

　　Zhu Lijia, a professor at the Central Party School (National School of Administration), told the reporter of Zhongxin. com that there is no market for cadres who lie flat and do nothing. The starting point of exploration in some places is worthy of recognition. However, the more important task is to improve the performance evaluation mechanism of cadres and consolidate long-term supervision.

　　Experts said that we should explore the establishment of a "negative list" of work style problems, standardize and program the daily cadre supervision system, strengthen performance evaluation and social supervision, and look at achievements, effects and word of mouth, so that cadres can’t "lie flat" or dare to "lie flat". (End)

　　Guangming net news Since the beginning of this year, large language models such as ChatGPT and ERNIE Bot have been popular, and the question of whether artificial intelligence (AI) can surpass human beings has aroused heated discussion. On May 29th, the "2023 China Computing Power Development Seminar" organized by China Intelligent Computing Industry Alliance was held in the Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The theme of this seminar is the opportunities and challenges of computing power under ChatGPT, which brings together many authoritative experts and scholars in the industry to conduct in-depth exchanges and discussions from multiple dimensions such as technology and ecology, determine the development trend of the liquidation power industry, and give countermeasures for the current artificial intelligence infrastructure and computing power service construction.

　　At the seminar, Chen Runsheng, an academician of China Academy of Sciences, said that the development of artificial intelligence is unstoppable by human beings, which is the essence of scientific development. At the same time, he pointed out that the phenomena of "Breakthrough" and "Grokking" in the big language model deserve our consideration.

　　What is "emergence"? A complex system is made up of many tiny individuals, who come together and interact with each other. When the number is large enough, it shows a special phenomenon that can’t be explained by micro-individuals, which is called "emergence". Chen Runsheng vividly explained, "I gave it (the big model) a lot of learning data, and as a result, there will be something in its answer that is not in the learning data. This phenomenon is called emergence." The calculation of a large model shows that when the training data is large (for example, more than 100 billion), there will be an emergence phenomenon, and this phenomenon will not occur when the scale is small.

　　What needs to be clear is that the emerging phenomenon is controversial in the scientific community at present. For example, a professor at Stanford University thinks this is a metric problem, which involves measurement, basic physical coordinate system and so on.

　　"Emergence in the process of natural language processing due to the rapid increase of the whole computation is a new problem, which is worth considering," Chen Runsheng said.

　　What is an epiphany? Chen Runsheng explained, "In the process of training a neural network, you don’t understand it once, twice, the fourth time, and the fifth time. Just like a child learning something, you don’t understand it once or twice, and you suddenly learn it after teaching N+1 times."

　　He believes that this is a model of human brain learning, "learning to understand at a certain time", "computers can’t have epiphany, but large models will have epiphany."

　　Not long ago, Claude, one of ChatGPT’s main competitors, expanded the number of tokens in the context window to 100,000, equivalent to 75,000 words, which greatly exceeded the 8192 tokens in the context window of GPT-4. This means that users can upload up to 500 pages of documents to Claude, which can understand and digest the information in less than 1 minute and answer users’ questions based on the uploaded information.

　　Claude was launched by Anthropic, a company founded by former OpenAI employees. Since the end of 2022, Google has invested nearly $400 million in the company.

　　In this regard, Chen Runsheng believes that the current learning speed of large models is much faster than we thought. "These two companies (OpenAI and Anthropic) are catching up with each other. Maybe after a while, GPT-5 will be stronger than Claude, and it will develop so fast that people will not catch up in the future."

　　"What’s more troublesome is that these big model companies are considering manipulating third-party equipment," Chen Runsheng said. "Being able to manipulate third-party equipment is a worrying thing. If you manipulate things related to safety and national defense, it will be terrible."

　　Chen Runsheng admits that the structure of human neural network is much more complicated than the current big model, and the development of artificial intelligence still has a long way to go. "The current (artificial intelligence) neural network should have revolutionary changes in the spatial structure model. Maybe at that time, (AI) can really surpass human intelligence." (Reporter Zhan Zhao)

The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly made an important judgment that "Socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era", and made a new summary of the changes in the main social contradictions in our country in the new era-"The main social contradictions in our country have been transformed into the contradictions between the people’s growing needs for a better life and the unbalanced development". This is our party’s new summary of the main social contradictions in Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era according to the changes of the times and national conditions. At the same time, it also emphasizes that the basic national conditions that China is still in the primary stage of socialism for a long time have not changed, and China’s international status as the largest developing country in the world has not changed. The whole party should firmly grasp the basic national conditions of the primary stage of socialism and firmly base itself on the greatest reality of the primary stage of socialism.

The Communist Party of China (CPC)’s understanding of the main social contradictions in our country is gradually deepened and continuously developed with the different historical periods and stages of social development in our country. The Party’s correct understanding and grasp of the main social contradictions in China is an important prerequisite for our Party to scientifically judge the national situation and correctly formulate major policies, and it is of great theoretical and practical significance for leading the whole Party and the people of the whole country to promote the development of China’s revolution, construction and reform.

1. The party’s understanding of the main social contradictions during the new-democratic revolution.

After the founding of the Communist Party of China (CPC), China society faced various complicated social contradictions. Since the Opium War, China began to fall into a dark situation of internal troubles and foreign invasion. The imperialist countries carved up their spheres of influence in China, and the feudal landlord class cruelly oppressed the peasants. The bourgeoisie colluded with imperialism, and at the same time, they were intertwined with the feudal landlord class to jointly oppress the working masses, and the mountains and rivers were broken, making the people miserable. In this grim situation, how to correctly understand and grasp the main social contradictions in China and formulate practical policies and measures accordingly? Guided by Marxism, the Communist Party of China (CPC) made a profound understanding and summary of China’s national conditions, especially the main social contradictions. After a long period of exploration, the Communist Party of China (CPC) people, represented by Comrade Mao Zedong, came to the conclusion: "The contradiction between imperialism and the Chinese nation, feudalism and the masses of the people are the main contradictions in modern China society." "The contradiction between imperialism and the Chinese nation is the most important contradiction among all kinds of contradictions." It was based on a correct understanding of the principal contradictions at that time that our Party scientifically formulated the line, principles and policies of the new-democratic revolution in different periods, United and led the people of the whole country through arduous and unremitting struggle, and finally overthrew the three mountains that were pressing on the people of China and won the great victory of the new-democratic revolution.

2. The Party’s understanding of the main social contradictions during the period of socialist transformation and construction.

After the founding of New China, what are the main contradictions in our society? The earliest summary of the main social contradictions in China after the founding of New China was the enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee held by the CPC Central Committee in Xibaipo from September 8 to 13, 1948, namely the "September Meeting" in the Political Bureau of the Central Committee. In an important speech delivered at this meeting, Mao Zedong pointed out: "After the bourgeois democratic revolution is completed, the main contradiction within China is the contradiction between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie, and the external contradiction is the contradiction with imperialism." Liu Shaoqi also pointed out at this meeting: "In the new democratic economy, the basic contradiction is the contradiction between capitalism (capitalists and rich peasants) and socialism. After the victory of the anti-imperialist and anti-feudal revolution, this is the main contradiction in the new society. " He particularly emphasized: "We should clearly see this contradiction. This struggle between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie is a struggle between socialism and capitalism. " This is the first time that the leaders of our party discussed the main social contradictions in China after the founding of New China.

In the early days of the founding of New China, there were many economic sectors in China. "At that time, the main contradiction in rural areas was the contradiction between feudalism and democracy, not the contradiction between capitalism and socialism, so it took two to three years to implement land reform in rural areas." "After the victory of the new-democratic revolution and the completion of the land system reform in the whole country, the main domestic contradictions have turned into contradictions between the working class and the bourgeoisie, and between the socialist road and the capitalist road." On this basis, our party has formulated the general line of "transition period", that is, to gradually realize the socialist industrialization of the country and the socialist transformation of agriculture, rival industries and capitalist industry and commerce in a fairly long period of time. This task was basically completed by the end of 1956.

With the successful completion of socialist transformation, China society has realized the transformation from a new democratic society to a socialist society. From September 15th to 27th, 1956, the Eighth National Congress of communist party was held in Beijing. The Eighth National Congress of the Communist Party of China correctly analyzed the changes of class relations and major domestic contradictions in China after the socialist transformation was basically completed, and clearly pointed out that after the socialist transformation was basically completed in China, "the major domestic contradiction is already the contradiction between the people’s demand for establishing an advanced industrial country and the reality of a backward agricultural country, and the contradiction between the people’s need for rapid economic and cultural development and the current situation that economic and cultural cannot meet the people’s needs." The essence of this contradiction is the contradiction between the advanced socialist system and the backward social production when the socialist system in China has been established. The solution to this contradiction is to develop social productive forces and implement large-scale economic construction. For the first time, the Eighth National Congress of the Communist Party of China systematically summarized the main social contradictions in China during the period of socialist construction.

On February 27th, 1957, Mao Zedong delivered an important speech on Correctly Handling Contradictions among the People at the 11th (enlarged) meeting of the Supreme State Council, which was revised and supplemented and published in People’s Daily on June 19th of that year. In this important speech, Mao Zedong systematically discussed the Marxist theory of contradiction, pointing out that the basic contradiction in socialist society is still the contradiction between productive forces and relations of production, economic base and superstructure. At the same time, there are two different kinds of social contradictions in socialist society, namely, the contradiction between ourselves and the enemy and the contradictions among the people, which are completely different in nature. The former is antagonistic in nature, so it is necessary to adopt compulsory and dictatorship methods to solve it, while the latter is non-antagonistic, so it can only be democratic and educational. Mao Zedong also proposed that correctly handling contradictions among the people should be the theme of the country’s political life. Generally speaking, our party’s understanding of the main social contradictions in this period is correct and realistic. Later, due to some "Left" tendencies in the Party, the Party’s understanding of the main social contradictions was biased. On October 9, 1957, the Third Plenary Session of the Eighth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China put forward the conclusion that "the contradiction between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie, the contradiction between the socialist road and the capitalist road" is the main contradiction in our society at present; The second meeting of the Eighth National Congress of the Communist Party of China held in May 1958 proposed that before the socialist society was built, the struggle between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie, the struggle between the socialist road and the capitalist road,It has always been the main contradiction within our country. The party’s mistakes in understanding the main contradictions in the socialist period led to a series of major policy and decision-making mistakes of our party and state.

3. The Party’s understanding of major social contradictions during the period of reform, opening up and socialist modernization.

The Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held in 1978 opened a new era of China’s reform, opening up and socialist modernization. On March 30, 1979, at the retreat of the Party’s theoretical work, Deng Xiaoping, the chief architect of reform and opening up, made an important exposition on the basic contradictions and main contradictions in socialist society. He pointed out: "The basic contradictions are still the contradictions between the relations of production and productivity, and the contradictions between the superstructure and the economic base." "As for what is the main contradiction at present, that is, the main problems or central tasks that the whole Party and the people must solve at present, because the Third Plenary Session decided to shift the focus of work to socialist modernization. Our productivity development level is very low, which is far from meeting the needs of the people and the country. This is the main contradiction in our current period, and solving this main contradiction is our central task. "

It is on the basis of the above explanation that the Resolution on Several Historical Issues of the Party since the Founding of the People’s Republic of China, adopted at the Sixth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Party on June 27th, 1981, fully affirmed the formulation of the Party’s Eighth Congress and further streamlined and refined it: "The main contradiction to be solved in China is the contradiction between the people’s growing material and cultural needs and backward social production. The focus of the work of the party and the state must shift to socialist modernization centered on economic construction, greatly develop social productive forces, and gradually improve people’s material and cultural life on this basis. " This generalization has become an important basis for the party to formulate various lines, principles and policies in the process of reform, opening up and socialist modernization.

4. Socialism with Chinese characteristics entered a new era, the party’s understanding of the main social contradictions.

After long-term efforts, Socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era, which is a new historical orientation for China’s development. Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s entry into a new era indicates that the principal contradiction in our society has also undergone new changes. The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China made a new summary of the main social contradictions in China in the new era of Socialism with Chinese characteristics. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out in the report of the 19th National Congress: "Socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era, and the main contradiction in our society has been transformed into the contradiction between the people’s growing need for a better life and the unbalanced development." The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China also summarized the reasons for the changes in the main social contradictions in our country: China has stably solved the problem of food and clothing for more than one billion people, achieved a well-off society on the whole, and will soon build a well-off society in an all-round way. People’s needs for a better life are increasingly extensive, which not only puts forward higher requirements for material and cultural life, but also demands for democracy, rule of law, fairness, justice, security and environment are increasing day by day. At the same time, the level of China’s social productive forces has improved significantly on the whole, and the social productive capacity has entered the forefront of the world in many aspects. The more prominent problem is the insufficient development imbalance, which has become the main constraint to meet the people’s growing needs for a better life.

The major social contradiction change in our country is a historic change related to the overall situation of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s construction. This change requires us to focus on solving the problem of unbalanced and insufficient development on the basis of continuing to promote development and better meet the people’s growing needs in economy, politics, culture, society and ecology. Of course, at the same time, we must also see that the changes in the main contradictions in our society have not changed our judgment on the historical stage of socialism in China, the basic national conditions that China is still in the primary stage of socialism and its international status as the largest developing country in the world has not changed.

In a word, the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s understanding of the principal social contradictions in our country keeps pace with the times with the development of the times and the specific changes of China’s national conditions. The process of deepening the Party’s understanding of the principal social contradictions in our country marks that our Party’s understanding of the laws governing the development of human society and socialist construction has reached a new level, which is the new development of Marxist theory of contradictions and the new development of Marxism in China.

(Author: Han Zhenfeng, Dean of the School of Marxism of Beijing Jiaotong University, and researcher of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought Research Center of Beijing Supreme Leader in New Era; This article is the result of the special task of the Ministry of Education to study and explain the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China)

　　　　　　　

　

　　　　A volunteer couldn’t bear to leave the giant panda and cried with the keeper.

　
Many citizens saw the giant panda off.

　
The staff carried the weighed panda onto a special transport vehicle.

　
After the quarantine, the panda gets bamboo shoots as a snack.

　　　　At 12: 45 yesterday, eight Olympic giant pandas who had lived in Beijing for nearly 10 months set foot on their journey back to Sichuan, and tens of thousands of tourists went to see them off. Volunteers who used to be commentators at the Olympic Panda Pavilion cried and said goodbye to the panda babies.

　　　　At about 11 o’clock last night, the giant pandas finally arrived at the Bifengxia base in Ya ‘an, China Conservation Giant Panda Research Center by plane and car. They are in good physical and mental condition and are sent to the animal house to rest.

　　　　　　82-year-old man came to see me off.

　　　　"Is the Olympic panda gone?" At 8 o’clock yesterday morning, hundreds of tourists gathered outside the giant panda hall of Beijing Zoo, all of whom were very concerned about the situation of giant pandas. The staff of the Panda Pavilion kept explaining that eight Olympic giant pandas were still on display as usual.

　　　　In the Olympic Panda Pavilion, eight giant pandas are playing or eating bamboo in their respective activity areas, enjoying themselves. Good sisters "Duoduo" and "Cuicui" snuggled up in the corner of the playground, "Huanhuan" and "Taotao" hugged and wrestled, and "Fuwa" lay on the ground with bamboo on all fours. Tourists took out their cameras and took photos with the little ones.

　　　　"I came here early in the morning just to see the giant panda for the last time." Grandma Wang, 82, lives in Fengtai District and took a bus to the zoo to bid farewell to the Olympic panda.

　　　　At 9 o’clock in the morning, on the stage on the west side of the Giant Panda Pavilion, more than 20 children from Yinhe Youth Art Troupe sang "Love is the Most Beautiful": "panda,panda, I love you …" The immature singing attracted many tourists’ attention.

　　　　At the short farewell ceremony held in Beijing Zoo, China Research Center for the Protection of Giant Panda presented Wolong soil and Minjiang River water to Beijing Park Management Center. A "national treasure map" with 13 panda cubs born after the earthquake and the palm print of the panda cubs were presented to Beijing Zoo, and the naming right of one of the cubs was given to Beijing. After collecting the names of cubs from the public, Beijing Zoo was finally named "Olympic Games".

　　　　Yang Changjiang, a breeder, said that in order to "lure" giant pandas into cages, they were only given half a breakfast. In the morning, the breeder has cleaned the Olympic Panda Pavilion and disinfected the cages for transporting giant pandas.

　　　　　The greedy cat "Meixin" was first caged.

　　　　In the morning, more than 10,000 people went to the zoo to bid farewell to the Olympic pandas. At 10 o’clock, after the Olympic Panda exhibition, many tourists gathered around the truck carrying the panda. Many children ride around their father’s neck, expecting the baby pandas to appear.

　　　　"Mei Xin, Guaibao, go home!" The breeder called "Meixin" who was playing outside the stadium in Sichuan dialect, and put the cage at the door of the animal house. Soon, "Meixin" got into the animal house, but "Fuwa" followed. The two little guys were attracted by carrots in the cage and blocked the cage door.

　　　　Li Feng, the breeder, waved a pot of carrots in front of Fuwa. Fuwa was attracted, only to find that the food outside the animal house could not be eaten, and immediately went to squeeze the door with Meixin. Seeing that there were more carrots in Li Feng’s hand than in the cage, the greedy cat "Meixin" stared intently at the food basin and followed the breeder to climb to the next animal house. The breeder patted Meixin’s nose, talked to her constantly, fed her, and calmed her mood. In about 5 minutes, "Meixin" was the first to be successfully "lured" into the cage.

　　　　At 11: 30 in the morning, the last baby panda was caged with fresh bamboo, apples and carrots.