[Depth] One person has six codes. Why is it so difficult to unify the health codes？

In more and more cities, the three colors of red, yellow and green on the health code have become the decisive factors for a person to return to school and rework.

Since the beginning of February, Tencent and Ali have successively launched health code related services in Shenzhen and Hangzhou. Residents will get a colored health code after reporting information such as ID card, address, health status, contact history and residence history.

Health codes have two main uses. On the one hand, it is a voucher for citizens to enter and leave public places, and it is also a necessary condition for most of them to accept the return to work. On the other hand, enterprises, communities, etc. classify and dispose of different personnel according to the color of health codes, and carry out accurate control.

Every city’s health code has a set of decision rules. Take Hangzhou as an example. After analyzing personal information, you will get a color code. Among them, the green code can pass through the city, and the red code and the yellow code should be centralized or isolated at home for 14 days and 7 days respectively. During this period, it can only be converted into the green code after the health punch is normal.

According to the data disclosed by all parties, Tencent’s epidemic prevention health code has been displayed for 1.6 billion person-times, covering 20 provinces and 300 cities. The health code supported by Alibaba Cloud has also landed in 24 provinces and more than 200 cities. With the implementation of health code nationwide, it has become more and more closely related to everyone’s life.

Before the birth of health code, data collection in various places mainly depended on reporting by various units, and the procedures were cumbersome; However, community members rely on paper passes to travel, and there is a risk of cross-infection. The purpose of health code is to improve the efficiency of returning to work and production, which greatly improves the convenience of data collection.

But at the same time, the practicability of health code is also questioned in the process of implementation. On the Weibo, there are many doubts about health codes, such as misjudgment, too much confusion, inadequate implementation and untrue information. The health code has become popular, and there are also many hidden concerns behind it.

Health code is a test of urban digital management ability.

Almost every day in Weibo, people report that their health codes are abnormal in color.

Ms. Xu, a citizen of Hangzhou, is one of them. Her epidemic prevention information code found that the reason why the health code was judged red was "China Mobile Interface Judgment". Because her roaming information shows that she also visited Enshi, Hubei during her hometown in Jishou, Hunan. The operator’s customer service explained to her that Jishou was adjacent to Enshi, and she received the signal from Enshi, which led to such a judgment result.

After complaining to the operator, Ms. Xu’s wrong positioning was changed, but after four days of change, the color of the health code has not changed, so she is still in isolation. She tried to reflect the problem through the mayor’s hotline and Alipay customer service, but they were not solved.

After the red code was detected, Ms. Xu was connected to a hotel in Hangzhou for 14 days and is still in isolation. She is the owner of a clothing store. Being isolated makes it impossible for her to open a shop, and at the same time, she has to bear the loss of rent.

Ms. Xu’s experience is not a case. Under the topic of "health code turns red" in Weibo, many citizens report that their health code turns red for no reason, which has affected their work and life.

A netizen from Tianjin claimed that he had been at home all the time, but the health code turned red because the operator had made a mistake in positioning. Another netizen said that he had returned to Hangzhou from Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province (a key epidemic area) for 21 days. Before that, he had been displaying the green code, but one day he suddenly turned red, and he was forced to be isolated. So far, I don’t know why, but his family members showed the green code.

The criteria for judging red, yellow and green codes vary from place to place. As far as Hangzhou is concerned, the criterion is mainly related to three dimensions: one is the spatial dimension, the degree of epidemic risk in a person’s area; The second is the time dimension, the number of times and the length of time that someone has been to the epidemic area; The third is the dimension of interpersonal relationship, the state of someone’s close contact with people, etc. These indicators are quantified and scored, and finally a tricolor code is formed.

According to the data disclosed by the Hangzhou government, four days after the launch of Hangzhou Health Code, nearly 30,000 people applied for health code review. Officials suggest that if you are sure that there is no abnormal behavior, you are advised to wait patiently for a period of time, and the color of the health code may be updated.

Ms Xu is still waiting for the health code to turn green. She told the interface news: "I agree with the measures taken by the community to isolate high-risk people, which is also for the safety of citizens." However, I think it is inappropriate to use the color of the health code as the sole criterion for judging the risk. We can only bear the losses caused by misjudgment. "

In this epidemic, ChinaSoft International participated in the construction of the urban health code system. Jia Pixing, president of its data business line, told the interface news that the health code was defined according to the local government’s rules for key epidemic prevention monitors, such as identifying: flights and motor trains that have been taken; There are confirmed or suspected cases in the family or residential area, and they are objectively analyzed and judged according to big data.

"As long as the data is objective and the judgment logic is correct, the system implementation is objective. If there is a misjudgment, it is mainly the accuracy of the original data. For example, people in Jiangxi who are close to the boundary of Hubei Province may have misjudged the roaming problem of base stations as Hubei from the perspective of the operator’s trajectory, and this problem can be changed through active declaration, "Jia Pixing said.

Pan Helin, Executive Dean of the Digital Economy Research Institute of Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, said in an interview with Interface News that the government should issue unified management rules and supporting systems for health codes in time, not only to remind people what isolation measures should be taken, but also to tell people why health codes "turn red", improve the accuracy of data matching, reduce the "accidental injury rate", and not to let health codes become opaque black boxes.

More health code users who have not been misjudged are stumped by health codes in different regions, platforms and names.

On February 23rd, Wuhan implemented the real-name authentication management of "health code" in the whole city. Since then, Tang Yulin, a citizen of Wuhan, has applied for four different "electronic certificate" in accordance with community requirements: WeChat Hubei Health Code, Alipay Wuhan Health Code, National Epidemic Prevention Information Health Code and Community Electronic Pass.

What do different health codes do? According to the official explanation of Wuhan Health and Health Commission, the biggest difference of these health codes lies in the scope of application-Wuhan health code is a passport for Wuhan citizens to travel daily, while Hubei health code is suitable for people returning to work in the province, which can realize mutual recognition in the province. The community electronic pass is mainly used for the access management of Wuhan community.

Tang Yulin told the interface news that even if she has already applied for the Wuhan Health Code, she has to apply for a community electronic pass to enter the community. In addition, in order to return to work in Guangzhou after being unsealed in Wuhan, she also registered "Yuekang Code" in Guangdong Province and "Suikang Code" in Guangzhou, and punched in different software every day.

"Every day, I punch in my health status everywhere, and many Wuhan people, including me, are lax and report their health directly without taking their temperature," Tang Yulin said. "There are too many codes to punch in, and sometimes I miss punching in. I don’t know which code is useful to me."

It is not unique to Hubei and Wuhan that a citizen has to apply for five or six health codes for different needs such as traveling and returning to work. In Jiangsu province alone, there are more than a dozen different health codes, such as Nanjing "Ninggui", Suzhou "Suzhou Code" and Wuxi "Xikang Code".

The main reason behind this is that local health codes can not be mutually recognized.

In this regard, Wen Yang Zhuang, director of the Population and Family Department of National Health Commission, has publicly responded that there are three main reasons why local health codes cannot be recognized each other: different provinces have different risk levels, response levels and prevention and control requirements; The standards of health code generation vary from place to place; The health code can only prove the patient’s condition at that time, and the health status after that cannot be simply judged accordingly.

For example, Shaanxi stipulates that people who have close contact with confirmed patients in the past 14 days should be given a red code, but Heilongjiang requires that close contacts of confirmed cases, suspected cases and asymptomatic infected people be given a unified red code.

License, the executive director of university of international business and economics Digital Economy and Legal Innovation Research Center, has publicly stated: "In order for health codes to play a role, it is necessary to expand their data sources … to achieve an accurate portrait of personal diseases. This urgently requires breaking the data segmentation, on the one hand, promoting the cross-departmental and cross-regional sharing of data within the government, on the other hand, promoting the opening of government data and using social forces to explore the multi-dimensional value of data. "

The good news is that the Yangtze River Delta, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and other regions have announced that they will promote the mutual recognition of health codes in the region, and Zhejiang and Henan, Shandong and Guizhou provinces have also begun to establish cooperative relations of mutual recognition of health codes. In addition, the national government service platform launched a nationwide "epidemic prevention health information code" on February 29, which will gradually promote the national health code interoperability.

In Jia Pixing’s view, the health code has two core values for the city’s emergency response to this epidemic. On the one hand, it helps to solve the problem that individuals have asymmetric information about their contact history; On the other hand, it solves the problem that individuals are subjectively unwilling to disclose their own information, and transforms it into objective judgment through health code, which provides convenience for epidemic prevention and control.

But at the same time, the health code contains too much personal information, and how to ensure that this information is not abused is also a public concern.

In most cities, besides the information declared by individuals, the health codes are also comprehensively judged according to the data accessed from outside, including the information of trains and flights, the tracks provided by operators, etc., which involve all aspects of daily life. Because the health code is mainly carried on platforms such as Alipay and WeChat, there are voices questioning that these citizen privacy data will be used by Internet giants.

Recently, there have been rumors that it is not easy to show the code to others except for the necessary inspection procedures, which will reveal personal privacy. Because some code holders have sent health codes to friends and other public places before, many people are worried about this.

Jia Pixing believes that this statement is unfounded.

He said that the health code has further increased the difficulty of information security risk prevention while increasing the data concentration, exchange and sharing of government affairs as the main body. However, the security system of government affairs data system built by the government is more effective and still needs continuous enhancement. The Internet platform health code service only flows the post-judgment result, which does not bring the risk of personal original privacy data leakage.

Regarding the privacy protection of users, Alipay, as a platform party, also mentioned in the FAQ of health code that the platform strictly follows relevant national laws and regulations to ensure the safety of personal information and privacy data reported by residents.

Luo Junjie, director of the Equipment Industry Division I of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, also said recently that as a regulatory department, in the process of data analysis and use, according to the relevant laws and regulations on personal information protection, the relevant measures for data security and personal information protection are strictly implemented, and supervision is effectively strengthened to prevent violations such as data leakage and data abuse.

Jia Pixing analyzed that in the process of implementing the health code, the role of Internet companies is not only the service intermediary platform of the code, but also the provider of some effective judgment data, and a large number of basic judgment data are still government affairs, public utilities and traffic information.

The fusion of these data provides help for urban management in the epidemic situation. Jia Pixing said that the health code fully reflects the full integration of government static data, government and social dynamic data. Based on the concept of "health code" scenario data service products, it is a model worthy of reference and promotion in the future of government big data services.