Since 4G, people no longer complain that the network speed is slow, but the traffic runs fast. In fact, this is just a new round of history, which has existed since there was a mobile phone online.

Different from voice, the unit usage of traffic is not fixed, and the unit price is not fixed. That is to say, in simple calculation, the previous voice consumption is equal to (how long it takes to make a phone call) multiplied by (unit price), and the current traffic consumption is equal to (how long it takes to surf the Internet) multiplied by (traffic in a unit time period) multiplied by (unit price). In the voice era, people only pay attention to the billing duration and unit price, while in the traffic era, people not only pay attention to the billing duration, but also pay attention to the quantity and unit price of traffic per unit time. What is more troublesome is that the flow rate and quantity of traffic per unit time are always changing because of different application scenarios, networks, terminals and applications.

Traffic does run fast, and it is getting faster and faster, just like being stolen.

Although the opinions of all parties are different, it is an indisputable fact that the consumption of traffic is accelerating. Everyone feels the same, including the operators’ staff, and there are data to support it.

According to the economic operation of China’s communications industry in September 2015 announced by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the per capita mobile Internet access traffic in September exceeded 350.5MB, up 88.0% year-on-year and 2.8% quarter-on-quarter. In that month, the total traffic of mobile Internet access reached 390 million GB, a record high, and reached 2.79 billion GB in the first nine months, up 99.4% year-on-year. Among them, the mobile Internet traffic accumulated to 2.50 billion GB in the first nine months, accounting for 89.7% of the total mobile Internet traffic, and doubled for nine consecutive months.

Therefore, recently, people feel that traffic is running fast because it is really running fast, because the network speed is fast, the network coverage is good, and the terminal also supports it. This kind of speed is the inevitable result, and it will bring about the improvement of Internet service, the website is more gorgeous but consumes more traffic, and users use more content but more money.

First, the coverage of 4G networks is getting better and better, and more people can use fast networks in more places. If the channel is cleared, whoever flows will naturally flow faster. Don’t worry about what you have only used for so long and used so many things. After the high-speed rail is connected, many people can go back and forth to their hometown several times a year, and the ticket money will naturally be more, but you can’t blame the high-speed rail for being bad, but the services you enjoy are also increasing and getting better. In the past, one page was opened in one minute, but now it has become four, and the traffic naturally increases.

The 4G coverage of the three operators is greatly improved, and the network speed is accelerating, even beginning to spread all over urban and rural areas, and 4G+ has been rolled out nationwide. According to media reports, Guangdong Mobile focused on strengthening the optimization of 4G network in urban villages. By the end of June 2015, it had completed the deep coverage of nearly 90 urban villages in Guangzhou, and the average daily traffic of 4G in urban villages increased by nearly 50%. At the same time, the network speed is also improving. It is learned from Guangdong Mobile that by applying the "enhanced version" of new 4G technologies such as carrier aggregation, the 4G network in major urban areas and township hotspots in the province has been upgraded to more than 10,000 base stations, with the highest rate of 220Mbps, and the rate in some experimental areas in Guangzhou and Shenzhen can even exceed 300Mbps. Now, among 4G mobile phones, Huawei P8, Mate7, Samsung S6 and other models and new models to be launched by major brands mostly support dual-carrier aggregation aggregation, and Xiaomi note Top Edition, LeTV Mobile Music 1pro and Le max support three carrier aggregation. With the terminal fully supporting 4G+, the traffic consumption of these mobile phone users will be faster.

It should be said that this explosive growth of traffic is the expected result of operators’ traffic management, and only the rapid growth of traffic can promote the rapid development of the entire Internet industry, and can also bring operators enough operating income, thus promoting better network construction and technology upgrading.

The rapid increase of network speed brings content blowout, which makes users uncomfortable and unconsciously consumed.

From EDGE, people gradually began to learn to surf the Internet with mobile phones. In the 3G era, many people complained that the Internet speed of China Mobile was too slow. At that time, no one said that traffic consumption was too fast, because it took several minutes to send a photo, and it was impossible to consume much traffic. In the era of 4G, the network speed of China Mobile has soared, which makes many people who are used to snail speed very uncomfortable, and also causes the old users of China Mobile to complain about traffic consumption frequently after using 4G recently.

In contrast, the users of China Unicom and China Telecom now complain less about the increase in traffic consumption caused by the fast network speed, mainly because the network speed of China Telecom and China Unicom has not increased much so far, and the users feel less. It can be said that when the caravan used to the ancient tea-horse road suddenly changed into the high-speed railway, it must be surprised and suspicious, and it was deeply uncomfortable. However, passengers who were more and more used to the 200-kilometer bullet train changed into the 300-kilometer-per-hour high-speed railway, although they felt fast, they would not be uncomfortable. Many old 2G users of China Mobile have now achieved a speed increase from 0 to 1, while some 3G users of China Telecom and China Unicom only have a speed increase from 0.5 to 1. Everyone’s feelings are different.

More importantly, with more people using the high-speed 4G network, a brand-new era has arrived, traffic is beginning to repeat the story of voice, and the spring of traffic management is coming with the complaints of users, and operators will usher in the second golden age of development.

At the same time, if the traffic really runs fast, it will also give operators the space and possibility to lower their tariffs more quickly. Speed and price are both contradictory and mutually promoting. With the rapid growth of traffic, operators will lower their unit prices faster. Moreover, with the general increase of national traffic and technological progress, Internet applications will become more and more abundant, and the unit prices will be lower, and most people will enjoy the happiness of growth.

Passive consumption and loss of control in the circle are the real reasons why users feel that traffic is "stolen"

Nowadays, a large number of users think that traffic consumption is particularly fast, and it is difficult for them to believe that traffic consumption is fast under their own multiple controls, so they have to point the finger at operators. Newton couldn’t explain the source of gravity, but also let God be the master for once.

The high-speed loss of traffic, users and operators are not at fault, but the times have changed. In addition to the increase in network speed and rich applications, the increase in traffic from friends will also make your traffic "consumed", and this increase in traffic will make users lose control.

Users feel that the traffic consumption is too fast because they have lost control of the traffic. It is not that operators are cheating, but that users are forced to increase the social traffic that they can’t control.

When you send a big picture or video, you can choose to be in the WIFI environment. Conversely, when you watch a big picture or video sent by others in the WIFI environment, you may be in a network environment without WIFI. When you open it, the traffic is consumed unconsciously, and the use of this traffic is not easy to be detected.

Many people use WIFI to broadcast live, but many people can only watch it on the road or on the 4G network, because it is often overdue. This kind of traffic is forced, but it is not forced by operators. It is forced to use based on content or social interaction. The increase of real-time content is also one of the main reasons for the increase of traffic but out of control.

Many people are used to using taxi software, and they also use Alipay and WeChat to pay anytime and anywhere. Such payment is to link the network, and such traffic consumption is also that users can’t actively choose the network to control, and traffic consumption is also increasing. There is more and more social traffic, just as we talked on the phone more than ten years ago, even Alipay has launched social functions, and WeChat has WeChat campaigns and WeChat reading.

Different from the voice era, we have been locked in the circle in the use of traffic. In the voice era, users pay for making phone calls, while receiving phone calls is generally free, sending text messages is paid, and receiving text messages is free. Users and consumers are active and can control the duration or mode by themselves. In the era of traffic, active senders can choose different networks and scenarios, which can often be free and active, while receivers have to passively use traffic in different scenarios, which is often pulled, and it is difficult to control and choose free networks. At this time, traffic consumption makes users very uncomfortable, and even suspects that traffic has been stolen. It can be said that most of the traffic is not stolen by operators on purpose, but by the enthusiasm and wonderful content of friends.

In the past, most of the software only allowed users to connect with the software server. When the unit price of traffic continued to decline, the rapid growth of traffic brought ideal benefits to operators, and the traffic increment of operators did not increase, which completely deviated from the communication operation law in the voice era. Nowadays, there are more and more mesh connections between users. Although the value of traffic is hardly exponential, it has greatly surpassed the linear increase, and the future value of traffic has infinitely approached the golden age of voice.

Therefore, we can say that most users feel that traffic runs fast, which is the result of fast network speed, rich applications, good terminals and mutual traction between user circles. This is the future of traffic management that operators dream of, and it is also a new scene that Internet companies are eagerly awaiting. A new and brand-new Internet era is coming. We will all benefit!

　　Recently, Malanshan Video Wenchuang Industrial Park, located in Kaifu District, Changsha City, Hunan Province, has been reported frequently: it was approved by the State Administration of Radio and Television to set up a radio and television industrial park with the name "Malanshan Video Wenchuang Industrial Park in China (Changsha)"; Shenzhen Chuangmeng Tiandi Technology Co., Ltd. and other five video creative enterprises signed contracts to settle in; Changsha Bank provided 20 billion yuan credit to enterprises in the park and opened Malanshan Wenchuang Sub-branch … … As a key project of "Five Hundred" in Hunan Province, the park has been listed in December last year, and has docked more than 80 enterprises, registered and settled in 34, and reached cooperation intentions with a number of strategic enterprises.

　　According to reports, 2018 is the "Year of Industrial Project Construction" in Hunan Province. The province has selected "five hundred" major industrial projects in key industrial construction projects, major scientific and technological innovation projects, major product innovation projects, key introduction of top 500 enterprises, and key introduction of scientific and technological innovation talents.

　　Standing in front of the main project of the industrial park "Malanshan Wenchuang Industrial Incubation Park", watching the busy hoisting construction, Shen Yumou, secretary of Kaifu District Party Committee, told the Economic Daily reporter that at the end of June, integration of defense and civilian technologies Science and Technology City, Pingrui Pharmaceutical E-commerce Industrial Park, Deheng Logistics Storage Project and other projects started in Kaifu District with a total investment of nearly 2 billion yuan; On the same day, Changsha’s prefabricated construction industry was "one alliance, one base and three centers" — — "Innovation Strategic Alliance", "Assembled Building Industry Talent Training Base" and "Assembled Building Promotion Center, Industrial R&D Center and Quality Inspection Center" were officially awarded in Jinxia Economic and Technological Development Zone of Kaifu District, which means that the service platform system of Changsha Assembled Building Industry was formally established in Kaifu District.

　　"The project is an aggregate of various production factors such as capital, technology and talents, and it is an important carrier to promote economic development. To achieve high-quality development, we must rely on more high-quality projects to support and guarantee. " Shen Yumou said that since the beginning of this year, Kaifu District has vigorously developed a "3+1" industrial system focusing on financial business, cultural creativity, trade logistics and integration of defense and civilian technologies. At present, 33 industrial projects such as Ruikang Medicine, Mango Headquarters Building and Zhongguang Natural Selection have been introduced, and 4 provincial financial headquarters institutions have been newly introduced.

　　In recent years, Hunan has insisted on innovation to lead the rise of opening up, highlighted the development of industrial revitalization entities, promoted sustained and healthy economic development, and accelerated the construction of a modern economic system. In March this year, the General Office of the Hunan Provincial Party Committee and the General Office of the Provincial Government jointly issued the Overall Plan for Promoting the Year of Industrial Project Construction, which established the general idea of the Year of Industrial Project Construction: taking revitalizing the real economy and building a modern economic system as the goal, taking supply-side structural reform as the main line, taking intelligent manufacturing as the core, focusing on 20 emerging advantageous industrial chains, and taking "five hundred" as the starting point, and constantly improving the core competitiveness of the industry. The specific goal in 2018 is to strive to increase the proportion of industrial investment in the province’s total investment by more than 3 percentage points compared with the previous year, the growth rate of strategic emerging industries is higher than the growth rate of total investment, the added value of large-scale industries increases by 7.5%, and the investment intensity of R&D funds strives to reach about 1.9%, and a number of domestic first-class innovations that adapt to the market and lead development are developed. We will build a number of modern industrial projects, bases, advantageous industrial chains and industrial clusters with advanced technology, outstanding characteristics and strong international competitiveness, introduce a number of modern leading enterprises with core technologies, strong industrial driving force and strong comprehensive strength, and build a group of high-quality, high-skilled and compound modern talent teams.

　　In order to promote the "Industrial Project Construction Year" efficiently, continuously and healthily, Hunan has strengthened organizational leadership, implemented the working mechanism of "one project, one leader, one team, one plan, and one implementation", and strengthened policy support, supervision and inspection, assessment and rewards and punishments. Incorporate the annual progress of industrial projects at all levels and departments into the provincial government’s supervision plan and the province’s performance appraisal, and implement "one-season scheduling, one-year supervision and one-year assessment"; Those who have advanced rapidly and ranked high in the "Five Hundred" activities will be informed of praise and financial incentives, and will be supported in terms of project layout; Those who do not pay enough attention to it, fail to promote it, and lag behind in progress will be dealt with by informed criticism, interviews, listing supervision, and park demotion.

According to Sina Entertainment, Xú Zhēng said today that "it is very difficult to make movies now".

According to the news of Securities Times quoted by Sina Entertainment, the realistic movie "Retrograde Life" written, directed and acted by Xú Zhēng has been in constant turmoil recently.

This film has been criticized by many viewers as "the rich play the poor" and "consuming suffering to beautify suffering". Xú Zhēng, the film’s director and star, objected: "It’s hard to make a movie now, because making a movie can’t satisfy everyone, and everyone’s feelings are different, but if you don’t watch it, you can spray it directly, which is unfair to a movie."

He also said that after watching the movie, the audience will accept all the good reviews and bad reviews.

　　On June 25, the Supreme People’s Procuratorate held a press conference, emphasizing the implementation of three major measures to crack down on new drugs, "dark net" transactions and other new drug crimes. The mysterious network of "dark net" has once again entered the public eye in the near future.

　　The operation is secret and the supervision is difficult.

　　The Internet is like an iceberg. What people contact and use is only the tip of the sea, that is, the "surface net", while the larger and more complex "deep net" is hidden outside the reach of the public and grows wildly. The "dark net" is an important part of the "deep net", also known as the "hidden net". Access to the "dark net" requires multiple special means, and ordinary users cannot search and access it through conventional Internet means.

　　This is also the biggest feature of "dark network". It can connect every terminal through a special network protocol, but at the same time, these terminals have no determinable IP address, but transmit through the "dark network" protocol. This means that it is extremely difficult for people to supervise the "dark net".

　　The concept of "dark net" was first put forward by American scientists. In 1996, three scientists from the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory proposed in their papers that the "dark net" came into being in order to build a system in which users could connect to the Internet without revealing their identities to the server.

　　How can I get the content on the "dark net"? First of all, we can build a "hidden server" access according to the specific coding technology adopted by the "dark network". The user’s access request will not jump directly to the destination, but will be sent along a circuitous path. In addition, you can also obtain the "dark net" content with the help of targeted crawler (a program that automatically obtains the content of web pages) and specific search engines. Because the server address and data transmission of the "dark network" are usually "invisible" and the data and passwords are protected layer by layer, it seems that people can enjoy the ultimate "freedom" in the "dark network" space.

　　Trade is rampant, threatening public safety

　　Under the temptation of this extremely private space, the "dark net" has gradually become a breeding ground for evil deeds such as black-related, terrorism-related, child pornography, selling stolen goods and money laundering, killing people and stealing goods.

　　It is also through the "dark net" that some drug transactions are bridged. The data shows that except for nearly half of meaningless data, drug information accounts for about 6.3% of the "dark net" information data, followed by extremist information, illegal pornographic information, hacker information and violent information, which also constitutes a threat to public safety and social order to some extent.

　　At the same time, privacy security is also challenged with the rampant "dark net" transactions. In August 2018, the user information of hotel chains under the hotel group was suspected to be leaked, and the seller packaged and sold 500 million pieces of guest data in the "dark net". Such a "dark net" of unscrupulous sales of citizen information once again triggered public concerns about network information security.

　　In addition, cryptocurrency has always been the biggest boosting factor for the "dark net" to mature. These cryptocurrencies with anonymous attributes enable criminals to circumvent the supervision of the government and banks and avoid the identification and tracking of relevant institutions when purchasing related "services" through "dark networks". The blockchain analysis agency released a report on July 1, saying that in 2019, the transaction volume of a virtual currency in the illegal online market of "dark net" is expected to exceed 1 billion US dollars, a record high.

　　Upgrade technology and strengthen international cooperation.

　　Using the "dark net" to commit cyber crimes has become one of the most prominent problems in the field of cyber security, and it is also the focus of international cyber security governance. In 2016, the Netan Corps of Beijing Public Security Bureau successfully destroyed a group that used Internet media such as "dark net" to spread obscene information about children for the first time, and arrested eight suspects. This case became the first case of overseas covert network crimes uncovered in China. In July 2017, the United States smashed the "dark net" black market trading website "Alpha Bay", which was the largest black market trading website smashed in the world at that time. In addition, Europol, the Netherlands, Thailand, Canada, Britain, France, etc. also participated in the action against the "dark net" black market.

　　Although countries have been cracking down on "dark net" crimes, there are still many difficulties in technology and system. Breakthrough in technical means is one of the key elements to further crack down on "dark net" crimes. Qin An, director of the Institute of Cyberspace Strategy in China, said that at present, countries have made attempts in this regard, such as establishing a "dark net" space search engine based on threat intelligence clue mining, completing the detection and collection of "dark net" entries, links and contents, and trying to actively sniff "dark net", tracking "dark net" transaction data and reasonably mastering "dark net" network structure and data resources. Continue to map the "dark net" through technical means, mine threat information, and track and confront threats from the "dark net".

　　Perfecting the system and strengthening international cooperation are also important means to crack down on "dark net" crimes. On the level of international cooperation, Lu Chuanying, secretary-general of the Center for International Governance of Cyberspace of Shanghai Institute of International Studies, believes that the main problem at this level lies in the differences in policies, laws, systems and technologies in different countries and regions. Therefore, in order to eradicate the "dark net", a cancer that threatens all mankind, we should actively promote the establishment of a comprehensive international law and mechanism to deal with the "dark net" cyber crime on a global scale, and at the same time strengthen interaction and coordination with relevant UN mechanisms and issues. (Diao Shifeng)

Special feature of 1905 film network On March 19th, China Film Co., Ltd. and WANDA CINEMAS jointly launched "China Movie Dreaming Science Fiction — — The "serial film screening" activities were held in Wanda Studios and Huanying Studios nationwide, and fans were invited to this 4.2-light-year adventure journey with the innovative mode of "scheduled screening". The Wandering Earth series director, leading actor, photography director Liu Yin, production designer Gao Ang and visual effects director Ding Yanlai were invited to attend the post-screening activities of Beijing CBD wanda plaza Store to have in-depth exchanges with fans. Mr. Zhang Dayong, General Manager of Beijing Film Distribution Branch of China Film Co., Ltd., and Mr. Chen Hongtao, Vice President of Wanda Culture Group and CEO of WANDA CINEMAS, attended the scene.

For the first time, the The Wandering Earth series of films showed fans and masters in two directions to help domestic science fiction.

On the day of the event, the box office of the film exceeded one million, and a wave of "small broken ball" fan groups was set off all over the country. At the scene of the post-screening meeting of wanda plaza Store in Beijing CBD, the creative director interacted enthusiastically with the audience and went there in both directions. The fans showed their true feelings: "This visit to The Wandering Earth reminds me of my first touch when I saw the planetary engine on the big screen. It is an unprecedented China science fiction film, which truly shows China temperament, China core and China spirit. " When talking about the theme of "China’s movies dream of science fiction", director Frant Gwo said: "As filmmakers, we are the’ small stones’ in the development of science fiction movies. Your love and support have ignited the stones and become an inexhaustible motive force for us to move forward. With the joint efforts of everyone, China science fiction can be carried forward and developed better and better."

Frant Gwo responded to the scene that The Wandering Earth programmers sacrificed Sha Yi and fans to reproduce the film title.

At the scene of the The Wandering Earth series, some viewers asked if there was any special purpose for the sacrifice of programmers in both films. Frant Gwo, the director, said that there were few actual action scenes and strong conflict scenes in the drama, and he wanted to show the tension of the film through literary drama. The first episode is He Lianke, and the second episode is Ma Zhao. Their actions and lines have strong emotional conflicts.

Sha Yi, the leading actor, cooperated with fans who came from all over the country to participate in the event, recreating the classic tear-jerking picture of "China Aerospace Squadron, over 50 years old, leaving the ranks" in the movie.

The Wandering Earth opens a new era of sci-fi movies in China, making an appointment to show them, making the audience addicted to science fiction.　

The Wandering Earth was born in 2019, and was recognized as "the benchmark of science fiction movies in China". After four years, "Wandering Earth 2" returned heavily, once again setting off a sci-fi craze. With its shocking audio-visual, solid script, exquisite interpretation and resonating emotional core, this series has opened a new era of science fiction movies in China. Up to now, the cumulative box office of the two films has exceeded 8.7 billion, which is a milestone in the history of science fiction movies in China. China Film Co., Ltd. and WANDA CINEMAS jointly screened the series in the mode of "scheduled screening", which allowed the audience to indulge in sci-fi addiction once and feel its rich connotation and charm across time.

China Film Co., Ltd. and WANDA CINEMAS vigorously promote content ecological innovation

China Film Co., Ltd. and WANDA CINEMAS have divided the large market into small markets according to the audience’s age, gender, region and income level, and provided differentiated film content to meet the needs of different consumer groups. The "scheduled screening" activity in The Wandering Earth is the first linkage between the first screening and the secondary market, which not only enables the films with excellent creation and excellent production to be revived on the screen, but also expands the box office margin of the films being shown, providing more consumption choices for the audience on the big screen, cultivating the audience to form a stable habit of watching movies and playing an effective role in promoting the film culture.

The epidemic is merciless, and donations warm people’s hearts. In recent days, the COVID-19 epidemic in Hainan Province has touched the hearts of countless people, and all sectors of society have actively donated epidemic prevention materials to help the epidemic prevention and control work with practical actions.

The Provincial Women’s Federation issued a donation to the group members in the "Hainan Women’s Federation System Capacity Enhancement Reading Group" to mobilize everyone to cheer for Hainan with practical actions. By 23: 00 on August 15th, 77 people had donated money, raising 16,700 yuan, including 63 people from Group Solitaire.

The All-China Women’s Federation and the China Women’s Development Foundation have collected more than 520,000 yuan worth of medical surgical masks, family standing medicines, hand-washing-free disinfection gel and other caring materials. At present, the first batch of 100,000 medical surgical masks donated by Changzhou Meisheng Biomaterials Co., Ltd. has arrived in Lingshui County on August 15, and other materials are being sent to Hainan one after another, and will be put into Hainan’s anti-epidemic front line in the near future.

With the efforts of Hainan Women’s Federation, Guangdong Women’s Federation, Guangdong Women’s and Children’s Foundation and Deng Lao Jinfang Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Group donated 20,000 boxes of Deng Lao Qing Guan Drink (No.1) to Sanya. On the morning of August 15th, anti-epidemic materials were delivered to Sanya Red Cross Society, which distributed them to frontline medical staff and volunteers to relieve the heat and cool them down.

In order to thank the frontline anti-epidemic workers for their efforts and help the charity Hainan No.4 Action, Danzhou Red Cross Society, Danzhou Women’s Federation, Hainan Media Center, Hainan Music Broadcasting Coconut FM and the caring company Nanguo Baby jointly launched the "Concerted Anti-epidemic Hainan Must Win" action to help Danzhou. After many efforts to purchase and unite major maternal and infant brands, Nanguo Baby donated milk powder, hand sanitizer, nutrition and other maternal and infant protection materials worth more than 80,000 yuan to Danzhou City.

On August 13th, Danzhou Shuyue Mummy Yuezi Center, Hainan Xiermeiyue Health Management Co., Ltd., Danzhou Women’s Federation, Nada Town Chamber of Commerce, Yongyexing Consulting and Evaluation Group, Danzhou Jinliufu Lucky Jewelry Store and other caring enterprises jointly launched the "Concerted Fight Against the Epidemic in Hainan" campaign to help the frontline anti-epidemic workers with caring materials, with a total value of 12.

Since August 8th, Muchen Chicken Dunteng Sweet Shop in Danzhou City has donated 1,336 sugar water, 100 packages to medical staff and volunteers, and donated 105 mops for epidemic prevention. The company said that it plans to give 100 sugar water to the epidemic prevention line every day in the future.

Lingshui County Women’s Federation, Federation of Industry and Commerce and County National Defense Sports Association gave full play to the advantages of "Lian", mobilized enterprises to practice social responsibility, actively contacted manufacturers and major supermarkets to raise materials, and after many contacts, donated 290 boxes of mineral water and 20 boxes of instant noodles to the anti-epidemic front line.

Party member Huang Lingyan, a caring female entrepreneur in Lingshui County, donated 3,000 Jin of wax gourd to Yingzhou Town.

Later, Huang Lingyan contacted caring enterprises to donate masks, instant noodles, bread and other epidemic prevention materials to the grassroots epidemic prevention and control line, and helped the epidemic prevention and control work with practical actions, contributing to Lingshui’s victory in the epidemic prevention and control war.

Thanks to the efforts of women’s federations at all levels in the province, love donations are still coming together, bringing care from the whole society to the front line of anti-epidemic, contributing to winning the battle against epidemic at an early date!

Original title: "Donations and materials from all walks of life help fight the epidemic and warm people’s hearts"

How is your pure electric car experience in the cold winter?

The discount on battery life may not be the worst thing. Recently, more than a dozen Tesla owners in Canada have reported that even the air conditioner can’t be used in winter. Not only is the car frozen at a discount, but people are also frozen with a snot and tears.

Moreover, the basic things that can’t be heated in winter are heat pump air conditioners.

This is very strange. The high-efficiency and energy-saving advantages of heat pump air conditioners have not been brought into play, but they cannot be heated, which has attracted the doubts of some Canadian car owners and attracted the attention of Tesla’s R&D team. Musk said that this is a high priority for Tesla.

But even weirder, Musk said that the failure of heat pump air conditioner turned out to be a software problem, which can be completed by firmware update. Perhaps many people have never heard of it, and air conditioners still need OTA. However, after understanding the structure and working principle of Tesla heat pump air conditioner, we can find that this set of hardware can realize 12 different functions, and all the functions are controlled by software.

Therefore, the problem of Tesla heat pump air conditioning may really be a software problem.

So, how amazing is Tesla’s heat pump air conditioner? Why can’t refrigeration occur under extremely cold conditions? Can the industry solve this problem? After reading the patent of Tesla heat pump air conditioner and having a conversation with the Weiling engineer of Midea, the car found the answer to the question.

This month, countries in the northern hemisphere ushered in the coldest time since winter, and electric vehicles also entered the worst stage of the year.

Recently, Tesla owners in Canada reported that they were driving in an extremely cold environment and the heat pump air conditioner could not be used.

Twitter user @TSelvig said that when traveling that day, the temperature had dropped to-40 C. In this extremely cold weather, when he was driving Tesla Model Y, the heat pump air conditioner could not be used. After trying to restart the vehicle and call Tesla customer service, this problem still cannot be solved, and the owner is a few hours’ drive from the nearest service center, so it is impossible to drive without air conditioning.

In the end, the family switched to a fuel car.

Another Model Y owner @paateach has a richer experience. His Model Y has no warm air for two consecutive winters.

He tweeted that he lived in Saskatchewan, southern Canada, and in February last year, he encountered the situation that the heat pump air conditioner could not be used, and there was no warm air for a whole month. Later, Tesla replaced a group of super manifolds for him, and the heat pump air conditioner could be used at that time. However, by this winter, when the temperature dropped to -30℃, he once again encountered the situation that the heat pump air conditioner could not be used.

At that time, he photographed the prompt on the car screen: the cockpit climate control system needs maintenance, and the heating and cooling systems will be restricted or unusable.

Two car owners questioned Tesla: Why did Tesla’s heat pump air conditioner fail in extremely cold weather? Tesla has been repaired several times, why is the maintenance plan still invalid?

Some car owners even said that after this winter, they hope to sell their Tesla in exchange for a fuel car, at least there will be no air conditioning and heating failure.

Angie Dean, chairman of Tesla Owner’s Club in Alberta, Canada, said: "In Alberta and Saskatchewan, Canada, more than a dozen Tesla owners have experienced the problem that heat pump air conditioners cannot be used."

Just last week, the owner community Drive Tesla Canada tweeted @ Musk, asking him to comment on the heat pump problem. Musk replied to the tweet within 5 minutes, saying that maintaining the heat pump air conditioner has a very high priority. After 40 minutes, Musk said that the new firmware of heat pump air conditioner has been introduced to users.

It is quite curious that why the failure of heat pump air conditioner can be repaired by firmware update? In addition, after the firmware update is completed, there is still feedback from the owner that heating cannot be done. Is the firmware update useful?

In a patent document published by Tesla in 2019, the structure and operation mode of the heat pump air conditioning system were demonstrated. At the beginning of 2020, with the mass production of Model Y, this patent was also transformed into the mass production application of Tesla.

If you open the front case of Tesla, you can see the heat pump air conditioner and many pipes and harnesses. In fact, this is just the tip of the iceberg of the heat pump system. From the patent drawing, Tesla’s heat pump air conditioner has 11 main components, and is responsible for the thermal cycle of the whole vehicle, which can lead to different parts of the vehicle such as cockpit, battery pack and motor.

These main components are compressor, cabin condenser, cabin evaporator, battery system cooling device, cabin blower, motor liquid-cooled condenser, storage battery, three-way compressor air outlet, low-voltage electric cabin heater (PTC), recirculating air conditioner and heating.

Among the 11 main components, Tesla did not directly cancel the traditional PTC heating, but still equipped with a low-voltage PTC heating. However, due to the lack of power, this PTC heating device can not directly heat the cabin, but provides auxiliary heating when the heat pump system is insufficient.

Surprisingly, Tesla’s hardware can realize 12 different working modes, which are completed by different software scheduling.

Among these 12 working modes, there are only three modes in which heat pump participates. Heat pump participation in heating can be divided into pure heat pump mode and mixed heating mode. When the heat pump efficiency is high, the pure heat pump mode is activated, and when the efficiency is low, the mixed heating mode is activated. The heat pump can be mixed with PTC heating and can also be added to the evaporator for heating together.

In addition, the cabin and battery system can be heated simply by using the compressor and evaporator. In addition, the in-vehicle thermal circulation system can also realize the functions of cabin defogging, defrosting, dehumidification and so on.

A conclusion can be drawn here: it is indeed feasible to fix the problem of heat pump air conditioning through firmware update.

When there is nothing wrong with the hardware of the heat pump air conditioning system, the adjustment of the heat pump air conditioning system can be realized by adjusting the software scheduling in different environments.

As far as the heat pump system is concerned, there is a strong relationship between the efficiency of heating the cabin and the efficiency of the heat pump. Because the working principle of heat pump air conditioning is to exchange heat energy inside and outside the car.

Through the evaporator, the refrigerant can absorb heat from the external environment, and after the refrigerant in the car is liquefied, it releases heat, so that it can heat the cabin.

However, if the temperature of the external environment is lower, it is more difficult for the refrigerant to obtain heat from the external environment, which leads to the low heating efficiency of heat pump air conditioning in extremely cold environment.

Tesla also knows this obvious problem, so it adds auxiliary heating devices in addition to heat pump air conditioning.

Tesla drew a chart in the patent, which can explain the efficiency of heat pump air conditioning at different temperatures. The efficiency coefficient of heat pump air conditioning is expressed by COP(Coefficient of Performance). When COP=1, it means that the consumed electric energy is equal to the generated heat energy. When COP>1, the heat pump air conditioner is in the high efficiency area, which means that it can get more heat energy by consuming less electric energy.

As can be seen from Tesla’s chart, when the ambient temperature and battery temperature are lower than -20℃ at the same time, the efficiency of heat pump air conditioning will be very low, which is also considered as extremely cold temperature by Tesla, and there is no solution below this temperature. But at this time, just heat the battery, the COP value will increase, and the heating system can be used normally.

When COP=1, the heat pump air conditioner does not work and relies on evaporation to achieve heating. When COP≥1, the heat pump air conditioner will participate in heating, and the temperature needs to be above -10℃.

The second conclusion can be drawn here: if the weather outside is extremely cold, even if the firmware of the heat pump air conditioner is updated, the heating effect will still be poor. The solution is to heat the battery, or preheat it before going out.

However, under the tweet that Musk replied to the updated firmware, there are still many users who feedback that the vehicle still cannot heat.

Then, there is probably a hardware problem.

Tesla owner @paateach said on Twitter that his Tesla Model Y has been replaced with two super manifolds, including the sensor of heat pump air conditioner, expansion valve and refrigerant pipeline. The heating system can be used temporarily, but I am very worried that it may be damaged again.

Twitter user Tesla owner revealed the research and development story of heat pump air conditioner online. Recently, Tesla’s engineers in California and Alaska are testing heat pump air conditioners. The test results show that Tesla’s heat pump air conditioners can work normally below -30℃ because the heat pump air conditioners have two refrigerant cycles.

At the same time, engineers also found the problem: in extremely cold weather, the cover plate of the front air inlet will be frozen and damaged, which will lead to the inhalation of cold air during driving. Because the cold air temperature is too low, the sensor will report an error to the system after sensing it. At this time, the compressor will stop working and the heating will stop.

In order to solve this problem quickly, Tesla may start the compressor by software, temporarily avoiding the heating failure in extremely cold weather. But to solve this problem completely, Tesla may need to update some hardware later.

For the automotive industry, heat pump air conditioning is still a new thing, and Tesla Model Y was mass-produced in early 2020. Prior to this, pure electric vehicles generally used PTC to heat the interior of the car. But even under ideal conditions, the COP of PTC is 1. Low efficiency leads to very large electricity consumption for PTC heating, which further becomes a major factor affecting the battery life of electric vehicles in winter.

The efficient performance of heat pump air conditioning has attracted the attention of electric vehicle companies. In 2021, all new pure electric vehicles were basically upgraded from PTC heating to heat pump air conditioning. However, due to the limitation of refrigerant, when the temperature is below -10℃, the efficiency of heat pump will be greatly reduced. At this time, it is necessary to rely on PTC heating to heat vehicles.

For example, Tucki P5 is equipped with a heat pump air conditioner to achieve efficient heating, but it is also equipped with PTC. When the temperature is lower than -10℃, the vehicle will start PTC heating to heat the interior.

It can be said that Tucki P5 has solved the shortcomings of heat pump air conditioning to some extent, but it has not been completely solved.

Weiling, another new auto parts manufacturer, has solved the heating problem in extremely cold weather. Speaking of Weiling, maybe many friends in the automobile circle are no strangers. Weiling is a subsidiary of Midea Group, a domestic appliance head enterprise.

Last year, several auto parts announced by Weiling included automotive heat pump air conditioners.

At present, R134a(CH2FCF3, tetrafluoroethane) is usually used as the refrigerant for heat pump air conditioning, but when the outside temperature is low, the heating capacity is obviously attenuated. Therefore, there are explorations of mixed refrigerants in the industry, but the performance cannot be significantly improved.

The engineers of Weiling parts found another way, using carbon dioxide as refrigerant, and the heating efficiency was obviously improved at extremely cold temperatures.

Weiling’s rotary CO2 electric compressor can achieve a heating efficiency of COP=2 at -30℃. At the same time, the noise is low during operation and the overall design is lighter.

Engineer Weiling introduced that in extremely cold weather, users don’t need to "cover the quilt" to drive. At the same time, compared with traditional heat pump air conditioners, the heat pump with carbon dioxide as refrigerant can increase the cruising range of vehicles by up to 20%.

The CO2 electric compressor alone has 220 domestic invention patents and 14 international invention patents, and has completely independent intellectual property rights. At the same time, CO2, as a common greenhouse gas, is collected and used as a refrigerant, which also contributes to "carbon neutrality".

Last year, the heat pump air conditioning products of Midea Group Weiling components have been installed on pure electric brand vehicles such as Tucki and Weilai, which has become a microcosm of the rapid transformation of domestic component enterprises to electrification.

In 2020, Tesla put the heat pump air conditioner into a pure electric vehicle, which led the electric vehicle industry to take another step towards high efficiency. In just one year, by 2021, heat pump air conditioning has become the standard of high-end electric vehicles.

Obviously, the technology that will not be used in the era of fuel vehicles may be a huge innovation in the era of electric vehicles. In today’s increasingly fierce global competition for electric vehicles, there is still huge room for innovation in the field of electric vehicles.

　　The proliferation of gun violence has become a cliche in the United States. According to the data of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, there were nearly 40,000 people who died at gunpoint in the United States in 2019, of which one-third died of murder and nearly two-thirds died of suicide. In addition, the proliferation of firearms will cause about 115,000 people to be disabled in the United States every year. In contrast, since the US military entered Afghanistan in 2001, the death toll of the US military there is 2,312.

　　According to the report of American Broadcasting Corporation (ABC), the annual economic loss caused by gun injuries in the United States is about $300 billion, and the GDP of the United States is nearly $21 trillion in 2020. That is to say, the annual economic loss caused by guns is equivalent to 1.3% to 1.5% of the GDP of the United States. Putting this proportion into the huge economic aggregate of the United States, the absolute value is still very amazing: it is equivalent to Americans destroying a Finnish economy every year because of shooting (Finland’s GDP will be 300 billion US dollars in 2020).

　　It can be said that the severity of gun violence in the United States is unique among developed countries. Therefore, the issue of gun control has become a jargon in the debate of the American Congress. However, despite the fierce quarrels among lawmakers, they often start this endless debate whenever there is a large-scale shooting incident. However, in the past 50 years, there has been no real substantive decision on gun control and solving the problem of gun proliferation.

　　So, what makes it so difficult for the United States to control guns?

　　The reason why Americans have the right to hold guns is a bit roundabout.

　　First of all, we must clarify a concept, that is, the argument that people are free to hold guns in the Second Amendment of the US Constitution, which is emphasized by many gun-holding organizations, looks more like an absurd historical "myth" today.

　　In 1791, the US Congress passed the Second Amendment, saying that "a well-disciplined militia is necessary for the security of a free country; The people’s right to hold and carry weapons shall not be violated. " The reason for enacting this amendment is that holding guns by citizens will help prevent the expansion of the power of the federal government and prevent the government from imposing tyranny on the people.

　　It is true that many armed militiamen joined the struggle against British "tyranny" when the North American colonies became independent, but these militiamen with no military organization and no logistical support could not resist the attack of the British regular army for a long time. Even many militiamen joined the war of independence with the mentality of firing a few shots and sneaking home to continue farming if they failed.

　　The American War of Independence can be won, thanks to the French navy’s unprecedented defeat of the British Royal Navy, which has always been invincible in the 18th century. As a result, the British main force entrenched in Yorktown was cut off, and the commander-in-chief cornwallis was forced to surrender to the French army and the Continental Army led by Washington. The powerful "armed militia" is the "founding myth" of the United States, and it is the regular navy and army that really overturns the British.

　　△ In the Chesapeake Bay naval battle, the French fleet successfully prevented the Royal Navy from rushing to help the British main force stationed in Yorktown, thus controlling the sea power in the theater, causing the British army to declare its surrender after running out of ammunition, thus ending the American War of Independence. (Source: US Navy)

　　Moreover, individuals with guns can never compete with the state machine, and the US federal government does not hesitate to use military power far beyond the firepower of the people’s guns to carry out armed repression. During the American Civil War, a large-scale anti-conscription riot broke out in new york, and the American government responded with artillery. Some even said that warships moored in new york also participated in the suppression of the rioters. Unlike the revolvers commonly used by rioters at that time, the heavy weapons of the army were not available to the people at all, and even if they were held, they could not afford to maintain them.

△ In 1863, there was a conscription riot in New York, and the army used artillery to suppress the participants in the riot. (Source: new york Times)

　　In the 21st century, with the rapid progress of military science and technology, the firepower gap between the army and the people holding guns is even greater. Not only that, since the Bush era, the US military has also transferred surplus military equipment to local police through the so-called "Project 1033", and the US special forces have trained police officers, which has made the American police a veritable paramilitary organization. Under such circumstances, the American people also know that there is no good end to engaging in large-scale armed riots. Therefore, when the new york police made a move, the crowd dispersed.

　　After this year’s farce of "Occupy Capitol Hill", no one has stood up with guns and opposed the US government’s nationwide night fall.

△ The equipment and training of American local police have been militarized, and ordinary gunmen are far from their opponents. (Source: Johns Hopkins University)

　　The biggest beneficiary of people holding guns is the southern slave owners.

　　In fact, I’m afraid that the reason why the Second Amendment to the US Constitution was passed that year was not that members of Congress really believed that people holding guns was conducive to resisting the government’s "tyranny".

　　At that time, it was not long after the Shays Uprising (1786-1787) against the Massachusetts authorities, and the argument that people could not be trusted was still popular among the political elites in the United States at that time. In fact, the biggest beneficiary of allowing people to hold guns is the slave owners in the south.

　　When the United States was founded, slave farming was the most obvious private industry that relied on guns. In order to prevent slaves from rioting and fleeing, unofficial "slave patrol" system appeared in southern States, which is also one of the origins of American police system. According to the logic of slave owners, these slave patrols are also "well-disciplined militia" mentioned in the Second Amendment to the Constitution. The existence of slavery also explains why the amendment emphasizes that "well-disciplined militia" is crucial to national security, because only whites could join the militia at that time. Emphasizing that "militia" owns guns, not individuals, can exclude blacks from the ranks of gun owners and realize the absolute superiority of whites over blacks in force. At that time, the slave uprising in the French colony of Haiti was in full swing, and black slaves slaughtered a large number of white slave owners, which seriously stimulated American slave owners.

　　It can be said that it is an inevitable interest proposition of these people to emphasize the gun support right of white militia.

　　The Paradox between Gun Control and Law

　　At this point, we can see that the Second Amendment to the American Constitution is out of touch with the development of the times, and the basis of legislation at that time seems to be contrary to the basic moral standards of mankind today. This amendment is also the most fundamental legal reason for the inability to control guns in the United States today.

　　However, as a basic law, the American Constitution can hardly be amended again. According to the current law, amending the Constitution requires at least two-thirds of the members of the Senate and the House of Representatives, respectively. However, in the Congress where politics and lobbying prevailed in Jin and Yuan Dynasties, lobbying organizations, represented by the National Rifle Association of the United States and reflecting the interests of various arms dealers, have long held key members firmly in their own hands. Not to mention amending the constitution, any attempt to tighten gun control at the state and federal levels will be strongly and effectively stopped by the Rifle Association.

△ The National Rifle Association (NRA) is one of the most important political lobbying groups in the United States. (Source: NRA official website)

　　Not only Congress, but also the judiciary has played a very disgraceful role in the problem of gun proliferation in the United States.

　　Compared with long-barreled firearms, pistols are more secretive, which is beneficial for gunmen to engage in large-scale shooting by surprise, and is also very suitable for suicide. Therefore, the city government of Washington, the capital of the United States, once attempted to completely ban the possession of pistols. However, in 2008, the United States Supreme Court ruled that the actions of the Washington municipal government were unconstitutional, and at the same time reinterpreted the Second Amendment, confirming that the right to own guns was not limited to militia, but included all individuals. Since the ruling of the Federal Supreme Court is final, it means that gun control efforts in many states have been wasted.

　　The game of gun control and gun prohibition

　　Of course, the justices of the Federal Supreme Court did not forget to show their "neutrality" in their judgments, claiming that guns and gun rights still need to be managed by someone. Nice words, but how to "manage" guns is a mess that puzzles American politicians.

　　Due to the federal nature of the United States, the responsibility for formulating specific gun management policies is shared by the federal government and local governments. The federal government is responsible for issuing gun sales licenses and conducting background checks on gun buyers to confirm that they have no criminal record before they can legally hold guns. Local governments are responsible for formulating specific provisions for carrying guns in public places. It seems that governments at all levels have a clear division of labor, but there are many loopholes in actual operation.

　　First of all, not everyone needs a federal license to sell guns. If they are selling guns in their own homes, online or at gun exhibitions, they do not need a federal license to sell guns for long-term profit. Because enterprises and individuals with sales licenses have the responsibility to inform the federal government of the identity of gun buyers so that they can conduct background checks, this means that when sellers without licenses sell guns, the federal government cannot investigate the identity of buyers. According to a study conducted by Harvard University in 2017, one-fifth of the gun transactions in the United States have not undergone background checks.

　　Second, since gun ownership has become a "natural human right", only a few states require residents to apply for a gun license. Therefore, most of the time, the government passively screens the legitimate owners when the gun trade takes place. Except for those States that need to have a license to buy guns, local governments can’t actively screen gun owners or train gun owners in the code of conduct.

　　Third, even if a comprehensive background check system is implemented nationwide, as many gun control groups now support, to plug the loopholes that guns can’t be investigated during gun exhibitions or online purchases, or to implement a nationwide gun purchase license system, it can’t solve a core problem, that is, because guns in the United States have been flooding for a long time, a large number of criminals illegally buy guns through the black market instead of through formal channels. This means that no matter how many gun control policies are formulated by the government, as long as the United States can’t implement a strict national ban on guns, people who want to own guns always have ways to deal with it. All gun control policies instead of banning guns are aimed at preventing gentlemen and not villains.

△ American people who participated in the national demonstration on gun violence day. (Source: Capitol Hill)

　　Why is there no solution to the rampant gun violence?

　　The problem of gun proliferation in the United States is a typical institutional case. The revision of the Constitution, the legislation of Congress, the interpretation of the law by the courts, the separation of powers between the central and local governments, lobbying and the intervention of interest organizations, almost all kinds of gloomy aspects in American politics are reflected in the gun issue. To solve the problem of gun violence in the United States, I’m afraid what we need is not to tinker with a certain law, but to thoroughly reform the system of representative federalism with three powers, which is full of ills. But this is completely impossible to achieve in the United States today, so we can only let it go.

　　Now, Americans are completely numb to large-scale gun incidents. Since the beginning of this year, there have been nearly 250 large-scale shooting incidents that have caused more than three casualties. Gun control, like other stubborn diseases that cannot be solved because of the American system, has become a tool used by politicians to attack each other. The more quarrelling, the less means to solve it properly, and the gun violence will continue. After all, members of parliament live in wealthy areas with good public security, and the shooting of people is still far away from them. (Contributed by Jing Zhao)